Andrew Jackson and the Era of Reform

These flashcards cover key figures, events, and concepts from the lecture on Andrew Jackson and the era of reform, focusing on specific movements and historical outcomes.

Andrew Jackson

Seventh U.S. president (1829-1837), military general, and controversial figure known for promoting Jacksonian Democracy and policies against Native Americans.

Spoils System

A practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs, often disregarding their qualifications.

Indian Removal Act

A law signed in 1830 authorizing the president to negotiate land exchanges to remove Native American tribes from eastern lands.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal of Cherokee and other tribes from their homelands, resulting in thousands of deaths during their relocation to the west.

Nullification Crisis

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government regarding tariffs in 1832-1833, asserting states' rights against federal authority.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 legislation admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30' parallel.

Manifest Destiny

The 19th-century belief that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America, leading to conflicts with Native Americans and Mexico.

Oregon Trail

A 2,170-mile wagon trail used by thousands of emigrants traveling from Missouri to Oregon in the 1840s and 1850s.

Mexican American War

An armed conflict from 1846 to 1848 over territorial expansion, resulting in significant land cessions to the U.S. from Mexico.

Gadsden Purchase

The 1854 agreement where the U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for land that became part of Arizona and New Mexico.

Wilmot Proviso

An unsuccessful 1846 proposal to ban slavery in territories acquired from Mexico, fueling sectional debates over slavery.

California Gold Rush

A mass migration to California in 1848 following the discovery of gold, leading to rapid population growth and statehood.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the U.S. from the late 1790s to the 1830s, emphasizing emotional faith and social reforms.

Horace Mann

An educational reformer known as the 'father of public schooling' who advocated for public education and standardized teaching practices.

Temperance Movement

A social reform movement advocating for reduced alcohol consumption, eventually leading to the Prohibition era.

Abolition Movement

A 19th-century movement aimed at ending slavery, which gained substantial momentum leading up to the Civil War.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

An 1831 slave uprising in Virginia that resulted in significant violence and stricter laws against African Americans.

William Lloyd Garrison

An abolitionist and newspaper editor known for his radical views against slavery and founding The Liberator.

Frederick Douglass

A former enslaved man who became a leading figure in the abolitionist movement and advocate for civil rights.

Women’s Rights Movement

An organizing effort starting with the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, aimed at securing women's suffrage and rights.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, producing the Declaration of Sentiments advocating for women's equality.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A key leader in the women's rights movement, co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention, and advocate for women's suffrage.

Sojourner Truth

A former enslaved woman known for her activism in abolition and women's rights, famous for her 'Ain't I a Woman?' speech.

Susan B. Anthony

A leading figure in the women's suffrage movement, co-founding the National Woman Suffrage Association and advocating for women's rights.