Finals, Med Term: T11 and T12

• scleroderma

• dermatomyositis

• polymyositis

• vasculitis

• osteochondrodysplasias

• tendinitis

• scleroderma

• dermatomyositis

• polymyositis

• vasculitis

• osteochondrodysplasias

• tendinitis

examples of connective tissue diseases

scleroderma

occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks connective tissue under the skin and around the internal organs and blood vessels.

dermatomyositis

• results in inflammation of the skin.

• symptoms scleroderma are similar and may include:

  • fatigue

  • muscle weakness

  • shortness of breath

• fatigue

• muscle weakness

• shortness of breath

symtoms of dermatomyositis

polymyositis

inflammation of the muscles

vasculitis

another group of conditions that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks blood vessels in any area of the body.

osteochondrodysplasias

a group of rare hereditary disorders of connective tissue, bone, or cartilage that cause the skeleton to develop abnormally.

tendinitis

inflammation of the thick fibrous cords (tendons) that attach muscle to bone.

• dracunculiasis

• dengue fever

• leprosy

• schistosomiasis

• malaria

examples of tropical diseases

dracunculiasis

• guinea-worm disease

• contracted by drinking water contaminated with larvae of the parasitic

  worm dracunculus medinensis.

• can cause painful, erupting blisters as the worms emerge through the skin.

dengue fever

• an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses.

• can cause severe joint and muscle pain.

• left untreated, patients may experience hemorrhage and shock, leading to death

break-bone fever

dengue fever is formerly called as, what?

leprosy

• hansen’s disease

• a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacteria

• can lead to permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.

schistosomiasis

• a parasitic worm disease transmitted by freshwater snails.

• can lead to blood in the urine, impaired growth, and malfunctioning of the kidney, liver, and spleen.

malaria

caused by plasmodium parasites which are carried by a certain type of mosquitoes called anopheles.

• hypocalcemia

• osteomalacia

• iron deficiency

• scurvy

examples of nutritional disorders

nutritional disorders

• diseases that occur when a person’s dietary intake does not contain the right amount of nutrients for healthy functioning, or when a person cannot correctly absorb nutrients from food.

• can be caused by undernutrition, overnutrition or an incorrect balance of nutrients.

hypocalcemia

• characterized by abnormally low calcium levels in the blood.

• can significantly impact a patient’s health and well-being.

• calcium metabolism disorders are frequently encountered.

osteomalacia

• is softening of the bones.

• It most often occurs because of a problem with vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium.

calcium

your body needs (BLANK) to maintain the strength and hardness of your bones

iron deficiency

• occur when your body doesn’t have enough iron.

• this leads to a condition called anemia.

scurvy

is a disease that occurs when you have a severe lack of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in your diet.

poisoning

the harmful effect that occurs when a toxic substance is swallowed, inhaled, or comes in contact with the skin, eyes.

• toxic gases

• chemicals

• medication

• food poisoning

• topical

• animal bites/stings

types of poisoning

• carbon monoxide

• carbon dioxide

the most common gaseous poisonings?

carbon monoxide

• a natural gas that comes mostly from combustion.

• something burns

• from fireplaces, grills, and automobiles.

carbon dioxide

• another natural gas, but not as toxic as carbon monoxide.

• It occurs naturally in the air that everyone breathes, and only causes harm if inhaled in concentrated doses.

children

who are mostly victims of chemical poisoning?

food poisoning

• occurs when someone consumes contaminated foods or undercooked meats.

• It may generally cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, and chills.

• most of the time, the disease will last for a few days.

• However, the illness can become fatal, depending on the severity of the condition.

heat exhaustion

• characterized by thirst, fatigue, giddiness, and often muscle cramps;

• fainting can also occur.

heatstroke

• a more serious and sometimes lethal condition.

• results when prolonged exposure to heat and high humidity prevents efficient perspiration (by preventing evaporation of sweat), causing the body temperature to rise above 106° F (41° C) and the skin to feel hot and dry.

chilblains

tissue damage that does not involve freezing can cause inflammatory swelling

frostbite

• freezing of tissue

• can lead to gangrene and the loss of fingers or toes.

hypothermia

medical emergency that occurs when a body loses heat faster than it can produce heat or low body temperature.

hyperthermia

• overheating

• is an abnormally high body temperature

minimize radiation hazards

Radiologic technologists must (BLANK) by using protective equipment for themselves and patients and by delivering the minimum possible amount of radiation.

radiography

• is the art and science of using radiation to provide images of the tissues, organs, bones, and vessels that comprise the human body.

• ultrasound

• fluroscopy

• ct scan

• mri

• nuclear medicine

• radiation oncology

imaging modalities

ultrasound

• imaging internal organs within the body (heart, blood vessels, thyroid, breast, abdominal organs, skin and muscle)

• monitoring the growth and development of the fetus during pregnancy

• measuring and visualizing blood flow in vessels within the body

• measuring and displaying the relative stiffness of tissues

• imaging interventions in the body

• heating, ablating, or breaking up tissue for therapy.

fluoroscopy

• a routine type of x-ray examination except for its application in the visualization of vessels, called angiography.

ct scan

• computerized tomography scan

• combines a series of X-ray images taken from different angles around your body and uses computer processing to create cross-sectional images (slices) of the bones, blood vessels and soft tissues inside your body.

mri

• magnetic resonance imaging

• provides cross-sectional, three-dimensional images without using x-rays or radioactive materials;

• it produces images with the use of a strong magnetic field and radio waves.

nuclear medicine

by detecting the tracer, information about the structure, function, secretion, excretion, and volume of a particular organ can be obtained.

radiopharmaceuticals

• radionuclides

• these are used as tracers in nuclear medicine studies.

• all the radioactive compounds used in nuclear medicine

• are artificially produced

tracers

is a substance that emits radiation and that can be identified when placed in the human body.

radiation oncology

• radiation theraphy

• utilizes linear accelerator (LINAC)

linear accelerator (LINAC)

• a device that uses high radiofrequency electromagnetic waves to accelerate charged particles in a linear path or straight lines, inside a tube-like structure called the accelerator waveguide.

• it is commonly used to treat cancer with external beam radiation.

communication

• considered as a fundamental clinical skill to establish a relationship with the patient, paving the way to successful diagnosis and treatment.

• Patients need to feel safe enough to communicate honestly and openly with their care providers to receive effective treatments.

• Providers need to convey treatment plans and health education clearly, accessibly, and empathetically so that patients can receive optimal care.

• Administrators and providers need to share information ethically and responsibly to protect patient confidentiality.

• Healthcare organizations need to apply culturally responsive measures to bridge communication gaps between stakeholders.

why effective communication in Medical field is important:

accommodation

A, Acc

aspiration biopsy cytology

ABC

arterial blood gases

ABG(s

before meals

ac

as desired

ad lib

antidiuretic hormone

ADH

activities of daily living

ADL

• antigen

• silver

Ag

aquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIDS

against medical advice

AMA

ambulatory

AMB

• acute respiratory failure

• acute renal failure

ARF

twice per day

• bid

• b.i.d.

chief complaint

CC

bowel movement

BM

curie

Ci

blood pressure

BP

beats per minutes

bpm

bleeding time

BT

with

c

complaints (complaining) of

• c/o

• CO

coronary artery disease

CAD

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CPR

diagnosis

Dx

• electrocardiogram

• electrocardiography

ECG (EKG)

extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

ECMO

chest x-ray

CXR

decibel

dB

discontinue

• dc

• D/C

diabetes mellitus

DM

do not resuscitate

DNR

fasting blood glucose

FBG

fasting blood sugar

FBS

dispensation subject to medical prescription

dispensation with official prescription of narcotic drugs included in Annex I of Royal Decree from 1961

medicines containing psychotropic substances included in Annex I of Royal Decree 2829/1977 from October 6

medicines containing psychotropic substances included in Annex II of Royal Decree 2829/1977 from October 6

keep refrigerated

medications that can reduce the ability to drive or operate dangerous machinery

medications that can cause photosensitivity

international symbol of radioactivity included in the UNE-73302 standard of 1991, on marking for ionizing radiation signaling

symbol of combustible medicinal gas

symbol for flammable medicinal gas

• symbold authorized by AEMPS to facilitate the application and development of medication collection systems;

• integrated drug waste management system (SIGRE)

• Advertising Medication

  • advertising is allowed, and it is not required to show a prescription at pharmacies for purchase.

EFP

Hospital Use Medication

• these medications require a hospital to be responsible for their prescription and administration.

H

acronyms identify generic medications.

EFG

• Hospital Diagnostic Medication

  • medicines used in the treatment of pathologies that must be diagnosed either in a hospital or by specialists related to a hospital.

DH

• Special Medical Control Medication

  • can cause quite serious adverse effects which is why

    special conditions have been determined for its prescription, dispensation and administration.

ECM

• Traditional Herbal Medicine

  • based on their traditional use

MTP

• Long-term Treatment

  • medicines for long-term treatments.

TLD