Distinguishing between Observational and Experimental studies

A research study compared the memory retention of subjects when a learning activity was followed by a brief period of wakeful rest and when a learning activity was followed by a brief period of distraction

Experimental (Two different groups)

In a survey of U.S. employees, 42% of black women say they are uncomfortable sharing thoughts about racial inequality.

Observational (survey/asking questions)

A study used periodic blood pressure readings and brain MRIs of adults to find that adults with long periods of high blood pressure were more likely to develop cerebral small blood vessel disease.

Observational (just using the results)

To study the effects of music on body image, researchers played a song with a body-positive message or a song with a body-negative message to different groups of women.

Experimental (two groups)