World Models

Beveridge Model

Hospitals and clinics are owned by the government; some doctors are government employees, but there are also private doctors who collect their fees from the government

Bismark Model

Uses an insurance system — “sickness funds’ — usually financed jointly by employers and employees through payroll deduction.

National Health Insurance Model

Uses private-sector providers, but payment comes from a government-run insurance program that every citizen pays into

Out of Pocket Model

basic rule is that the rich get medical care; the poor stay sick or die