Unit 6- COMPLETE SET (AP Classroom Videos)

site

climate, availability of water, soil quality, other natural resources/features

situations

connections between one site and another site (like is a river used to trade between two cities)

where do many cities develop?

along transportation and trade routes (waterways, railroads, ports, etc)

how can transportation cause urbanization or suburbanization?

by making it easier for people to live outside the city and travel into the city (suburbanization)

by making transportation within the city faster and easier, so it is easier for people to live in a big city (urbanization)

economic factors that affect urbanization

manufacturing, tourism, good servies/goods, etc

government policies that affect urbanization

• good school systems

• good law enforcement

• good healthcare

• cash grants, rebates, tax cerdits

megacities

cities with over 10 million people

metacities

cities with other 20 million people

urban sprawl

unrestricted growth in urban areas of housing, commercial development, roads, etc

suburbanization

movement of middle/upper class from cities to housing on the outskirts of the city

boomburgs

rapidly growing suburban cities

exurbs

prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs

edge cities

economic center on the fringe of a city with an extensive amount of office and retail space, typically near a major road (businesses, hospitals, etc that are outside of the CBD)

how does suburbanization effect the CBD

infrastructure needs to be focused on these suburbs, they need roads, highways, schools, etc) to help them grow into thriving cities

where do edge cities develop?

on major interstates that connect to the big city center- they become a hub for economic transactions

world/global cities

cities that don’t just have influence in their area but around the world

what are the 4 major global cities?

New York

Paris

What drives globalization?

global cities

What global processes do global cities regulate?

trends, brands, economics, UN, social media, marketing, entertainment, fashion, innovation/creativity, labor force

primate city

city that is the lead in the country (population, size, influence, etc)

what is the primate city often

the capital city

rank-size rule

statistical relationships between the largest and next largest cities based on population (second is roughly half the size of the first)

gravity model

predicting the degree of interaction and probability of mobility between places

what happens if a primate city struggles

the rest of the country struggles

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

explains the distribution of goods and services across a region

threshold

size of population necessary for a service to exist and be profitable

range

distance people will travel for goods and services

example of central place theory

small cities will provide simple services rural areas, big cities will provide more services to the small cities and to rural areas (people in the countryside will go to Wheaton IL for some goods, for more goods they go to Chicago IL)

goods and services with a high range

people are willing to travel further for them (more expensive, less common)

goods/services with a short range

people are not willing to travel as far (cheaper, more common)

goods/services with a high threshold

expensive goods/services that need a large population to make a profit off them (sporting events, neurosurgery, etc)

goods/services with a low threshold

cheaper goods/services that don’t need as large a population to make a profit (gas station, convenience store)

bid-rent theory

what are you willing to pay to be in the right location for your needs? (closer to the CBD = more expensive)

Burgess Concentric Model

there is a relationship between the socio-economic status of a household and the location compared to the CBD

order of the Concentric Model

• Zone of Transition (some retail, mainly industry)

• Working Class Zone (people who are working in the industries)

• Residential Zone (middle income people)

  Commuter Zone (people who commute into work, have a moderate to high amount of money)

weaknesses of the Concentric Model

• it is outdates

  • transportation has changed

  • global economy has changes

• Only applicable to America

  • opposite is the norm everywhere else

• Gentrification occurs, shifting low income to higher income residences

Hoyt Sector Model

cities develop in wedge-like sectors around the CBD instead of rings

weaknesses of Hoyt’s Sector Model

• it is outdated

  • based on early 20th century railways

  • the traditional CBD has become less important