Unit 1 Microbiology

chapters 1,3,4,5,6

which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation?

orange juice

who is considered the “father of Western medicine?

Hippocrates

Who was the first to observe “animalcules” under the microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

who proposed the swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see?

Marcus Terentius Varro

which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Lunnaeus’s taxonomy?

protist

which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature?

Homo sapiens

which scientist proposed adding a kingdom of protists?

Ernst Haeckel

which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox’s phylogenetic tree?

Plantae

Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria?

Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology

which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic?

Algae

which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism?

Cyanobacterium

which of the following is acellular?

Virus

which of the following is a type of fungal mircroorganism?

yeast

which of the following is not subfield of microbiology?

botany

Thucydides is known as the father of ______.

Scientific History

Researchers think Otzi the Iceman may have been infected with _______ disease.

lyme

The process by which microbes turn grape juice into wine is called _______.

fermentation

in binomial nomenclature, an organism’s scientific mane includes its ________ and _________

Genus and Species

Haeckel proposed adding the kingdoms ________ and ______ to his phylogenetic tree

protista and monera

_______ are organisms without membrane-bound nuclei

prokaryotes

_______ are microorganisms that are not included in phylogenetic trees because they are acellular

viruses

A _______ is a disease-causing microorganism

virus pathogens

mulitcellular parasitic worms studied by microbiologist are called _________.

Helminths

the study of viruses _______.

virology

the cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a _______.

nucleus

the term prokaryotes refer to which of the following?

Unicellular organisms that have no nucleus

The term microbiota refers to which of the following?

all microorganisms is a certain region of the human body

which of the following refers to the type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits the other is not affected?

commensalism

which of the following describes proteobacteria in domain bacteria

phylum

which of the following alphaproteobacterial is the cause of rocky mountain spotted fever and typhus?

rickettsia

class betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera?

campylobater

haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of which of the following?

upper respiratory tract infections

which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?

axial filament

which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?

bacteroides

which of the following refers to photosynthesis preformed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?

oxygenic

which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

the term “deeply branching” refers to which of the following?

the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria

which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?

deinococcus radiodurans

archaea and bacteria are most similar in terms of their?

Unicellular structure

which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane?

they live in the most extreme environments

T/F Among prokaryotes, there are some that can live in every environment on earth

True

When prokaryotes live as interacting communities in which one population benefits to the harm of the others, the type of symbiosis is called ________.

parasitism

The domain ______ does not include prokaryotes.

eukarya

Pathogenic bacteria that are part of the transient microbiota can sometimes be eliminated by _______ therapy.

antibiotic

nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide other organisms with usable nitrogen in the form of

ammonia

rickettsia are ________ intracellular bacteria.

obligate

The species ______, belongs to epsilon proteobacteria, causes peptic ulcers of the stomach and ulcer

helicobacter pylori

The genus Salmonella belongs to the class ________,and includes pathogens that cause salmonellosis and typhoid fever

gammaproteobacteria

The bacterium that causes syphilis is called

treponema pallidum pallidum

Bacteria in the genus Rhodospirillum that use hydrogen for oxidation and fix nitrogen are ______ bacteria.

purple nonsulfer

Streptococcus is ______ of bacteria that is responsible for many human diseases.

genus

One species of Streptococcus, S. pyogenes, is classified as _______ pathogen due to the characteristic production of pus in infections it causes.

pyogenic

cutibacterium belongs to ______ G+C gram-positive bacteria. One of its species is used in the food industry and another causes acne.

high

the length of the branches of the evolutionary tree characterizes the evolutionary ______ between organisms.

distance

the deeply branching bacteria are thought to be the form of the closest to the last universal ______ _______.

common ancestor

many of the deeply branching bacteria are aquatic and hyper thermophilic, found near underwater volcanoes and thermal ocean ______.

vents

the deeply branching bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is able to survive exposure to high doses of _______.

ionizing radiation

_______ is a genus of Archaea. Its optimal environmental temperature ranges from 70 C to 80 C, and its optimal pH is 2-3. it oxidizes sulfer and produces sulfuric acid.

sulfurous

_______ was once thought to be the cause of periodontal disease, but, more recently, the causal relationship between Archaean and the disease was not confirmed?

methanobrevibacter oralis

Which of the following individuals argued in favor of the theory of spontaneous generation?

John Needham

Which of the following individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in a swan-neck flask?

Louis Pasteur

which of the following scientists experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies in the attempt to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

Francesco Redi

Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory?

Girolamo Francastoro

Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was ultimately accepted by the greater scientific community?

Lynn Margulis

which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?

Robert Koch

which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is comma shaped?

vibrio

which bacterial structure are important for adherence to surfaces?

Capsules and fimbriae

which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells?

lipopolysaccharide

which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end?

lophotrichous

Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of which of the following?

Peptidoglycan

which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?

peroxisomes

which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina?

intermediate filaments

Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following?

Golgi apparatus

which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived from endosymbiotic bacterium?

outer membrane

which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?

pinocytosis

Which of the following is not composed of microtubules?

desmosomes

T/F Exposure to air is necessary for microbial growth.

false

T/F Bacteria have 80S ribosomes each composed of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit.

false

T/F Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to those found in prokaryotic cells.

true

the assertion that “life only comes from life” was stated by Louis Pasteur in regard to his experiments that definitively refuted the theory of

spontaneous generation

John Snow is known as the Father of

epidemiology

The ______ theory states that disease may originate from proximity to decomposing matter and is not due to person-to-person contact.

miasma

the scientist who first described cell wall

Robert Hooke

Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called

bacillie

the type of inclusion containing polymerized inorganic phosphate is called

volutin(metachromatic granule)

peroxisomes typically produce _______, a harsh chemical that helps break down moleuces

hydrogen peroxide

microfilaments are composed of ______ monomers.

actin

which genus includes the causative agent for malaria?

plasmodium

which protist is a concern because of its ability to contaminate water supplies and cause diarrheal illness?

giardia lamblia

a fluke is classified within which of the following?

platyhelminthes

a nonsegmented worm is found during a routine colonoscopy of an individual who reported having abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. This worm is likely which of the following?

nematode

a segmented worm has male and female reproductive organs in each segment. Some use hooks to attach to the intestinal wall. Which type of worm is this?

cestode

mushrooms are a type of which of the following?

basidiocarp

which of the following is the most common cause of human yeast infections?

candida albicans

which of the following is an ascomycete fungus associated with bat dropping that can cause a respiratory infection if inhaled?

histoplasma capsulatum

which polysaccharide found in red algal cell walls is a useful solidifying agent?

agar

which is the term for the hard outer covering of some dinoflagellates?

theca

which protists are associated with red tides?

dinoflagellates

you encounter a lichen with leafy structures. which term descibes this lichen?

foliose

which of the following is the term for the outer layer of a lichen?

the cortex