AP World - Unit 8 [1900 to Present]

Big Three

The name given to describe the US, USSR, and Great Britain

Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam Conference

The three conferences that happened after WWII, and were led by the Big Three

Cold War

The name of the ideological war that happened between the Soviet Union and the United States

Self-Determination

A need or fight for proving one’s country and their overall power

United Nations

Established after WWII in an attempt to better the League of Nations, which previously failed; Joined by the US

Iron Curtain

A term used to describe the split between Western Europe and Eastern Europe

Satellite Countries

Name given to the countries under Soviet control (Not necessarily direct rule, but relied on the USSR)

Containment

The name of the policy that was essentially established by the US in which they are trying to prevent the spread of Communism to further countries

Truman Doctrine

A doctrine established stating that the US would provide political and military help to countries within Europe

Marshall Plan

Commonly associated with the Truman Doctrine, and can be interchangeable; Gave aid to European nations

COMECON

The abbreviation of the USSR attempt at instituting a similar plan like the Truman Doctrine

Sputnik

The first artificial satellite launched by the USSR; Tied to the Space Race

Non-Aligned Movement

A movement between various countries in Africa and Asia who essentially just did not want to take a specific side during the Cold War

Capitalism and Democracy

The economic policy and governmental policy of the United States

Communist and Authoritarianism

The economic policy and governmental policy of the USSR

Berlin Blockade

The name of the blockade was when the USSR attempted to block Westerners from reaching their Allied-control parts of Berlin; The response to this was known as the Berlin Airlift

Berlin Wall

A large wall set on the border of East and West Germany in an attempt to divide the parts controlled by the Allies vs. the parts controlled by the USSR

NATO

The abbreviation for an organization established by various Western powers to provide collective security against the USSR

Warsaw Pact

The name of the response against NATO which was established by the USSR

SEATO

The abbreviation for the international organization established in Southeast Asia to promote collective security around the region

CENTO

The abbreviation of an Anti-Soviet organization formed to stop communism in the Middle East

Korean War

The name of a proxy war that occurred as a result of an attempt by the North side to reunite the country; After invasion, Soviets occupied North with US in the South

Vietnam War

The name of a proxy war that occurred as a result of the US sending military advisers to the country to prevent communist take over; Was extremely unpopular though

Fidel Castro

The name of the leader of Cuba during its communist time period

Cuban Missile Crisis

The event related to the main point of stress when many around the world believed that a nuclear war was going to happen

Bay of Pigs Crisis

The event related to an attempted invasion supported by the US to overthrow Cuban government; Failed and continued to cement US-Cuba negative relations

Angola

The name of a Portugues colony in Southwest Africa that gained independence in a violent way from their power country

Angolan Civil War

An event that occurred related to Angola, which resulted due to European countries putting together rival groups

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

The name of a treaty related to outlawing the testing of nuclear weapons in various locations

Anti-Nuclear Weapon Movement

The name of a movement that was related to the reactions of people around the world, specifically after the Cuban Missile Crisis

Land Reforms

A term that typically relates with a country turning communist

Communes

Peasant lands were organized in these throughout China during the Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong

Leader of the CCP

Great Leap Forward

An attempting at reforming the country by Mao Zedong; Specifically attempted to use land reforms where the government owned peasant lands (could not retaliate)

Cultural Revolution

Essentially an event in China where all critics of Mao were silenced and he further solidified his power

Iranian Revolution

A revolution that occurred in Iran where the shah toppled and the new government emerged as a theocracy (greatly opposed Western ideals)

Organization of African Unity

Symbolized as OAU; Founded by Kwame Nkrumah however was not super essential

Biafran Civil War

A civil war in Nigeria where the Igbos (western and predominantly Christian) tried to secede from Northern government

Suez Crisis

The crisis relating to the Egyptian canal where Nasser attempted to nationalize it (take under government control) which angered the British and French; Led to invasion by Israel which angered US and USSR (agreed on this issue)

Algerian War for Independence

A war that occurred in Algeria where they sought to gain freedom from the French; Difficult for them to gain freedom because Algeria was a settler colony where many French lived

Algerian Civil War

A war fought between the Algerian government and various Islamic rebel groups

Kwame Nkrumah

Leader of Ghana under a one-party state (government type) and focused greatly on using Western ideals; Gained independence through diplomatic relations with the British

Ho Chi Minh

Communist leader of Vietnam

Viet Cong

Group of South Vietnamese who supported the communist side, so would fight against US troops

Muslim League

A league in India that advocated for a separate state for the country’s Muslim population

Gamal Abdel Nasser

The president of Egypt who wanted to nationalize the Suez Canal

Metropole

Essentially just large, urbanized cities that formed

Khmer Rouge

A communist guerilla organization in Cambodia that overthrew the right-wing of the government; Followed Chinese model

Kashmir

A territory that got caught within the India-Pakistan split; The land was lived on by predominantly Muslim people but was technically under Hindu control

India and Pakistan

The two countries that emerged as a result of the diplomatic relations that occurred between the British and India; Split between Muslims and Hindus

Camp David Accords

A peace agreement between the Israeli prime minister and the president of Egypt (many Palestinian states rejected peace treaty though)

Palestinian Liberation Organization

A group symbolized by PLO who wanted the return of their lands and the creation of Palestine as an independent nation

Hamas and Fatah

The two sections that Palestine was divided into by the United Nations

Israel

The country created by the United Nations where Jewish people lived

Indira Ghandi

India’s first female leader who attempted to improve the country during a period of economic crisis but later was voted out as president

Nelson Mandela

Led the South African resistance movement towards apartheid

Prague Spring

A reform movement in Czechoslovakia where the communist leader began to allow for greater freedom; Later crushed by the Warsaw Pact

Brezhnev Doctrine

Essentially used as the justification for the Warsaw Pact to pushing countries away from rejecting communism

Irish Republican Army

The Catholic representative group in Ireland that fought against the Protestants

Ulster Defense Association

The Protestant representative group in Ireland

Shining Path

Essentially the name of a revolutionary organization based off of Mao Zedong’s ideas and the Khmer Rouge; Used terrorist tactics throughout Peru

Mikhael Gorbachev

The President who came into rule during the fall of the USSR

Detente

The time period known for when the Cold War was not at a peak anymore and there were less tensions between the two countries

SALT

The abbreviation for an anti-nuclear weapon movement

Perestroika

The Soviet term for restructuring the overall economy to a more free, liberalized system

Glasnost

The Soviet Term for the country opening up trade more and granting greater freedom within the country