Biology I: Chapter 4: McGraw Hill

The ____________ is a semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell and includes the organelles.

cytoplasm

Specialized compartments that function in storage and regulation of cell volume:

vacuoles

Which of the following are correct concerning eukaryotic DNA structure?

* The DNA is organized in linear chromosomes

* Chromatin is present

Microfilaments

composed of actin

Microtubules

composed of tubulin

Intermediate filaments

composed of protein tetramers

Arrange the steps of protein transport through the endomembrane system into the correct order.

1. Transport vesicles that contain proteins bud from the rough ER.

2. Proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus

3. Proteins are packaged into secretory vesicles

4. Proteins are released to the extracellular environment

Peroxisomes contain enzymes involved in the oxidation of which of the following?

fatty acids

The application of a chemical _________________ may greatly improve contrast, but requires cells not be alive.

stain

Functions of intermediate filaments:

* Providing structural stability

* Providing mechanical strength

The mitochondrial matrix refers to which of the following regions?

the compartment inside of the inner membrane

main points of the cell theory

* cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell

* all living organisms are composed of one or more cells

* cells are the smallest living things

_______________ are the instruments used to magnify and visualize cells and cellular components.

microscopes

Ribosomes are responsible for __________________ synthesis in the cell.

protein

Which of the following best describes the diameter of most cells?

less than 50 micrometers

The functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum include which of the following?

* protein sorting

* protein synthesis

* glycoprotein synthesis

Which of the following is the main function of the mitochondria?

oxidative metabolism

__________________ filaments are associated with cell shape, movement, contraction, and cell division.

Actin

Archaea cell walls lack which of the following?

peptidoglycan

The ______________________ is a network of protein fibers in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells involved in supporting the shape of the cell and anchoring organelles to fixed locations.

cytoskeleton

Most cells are relatively small for which of the following reasons?

* It is easier for diffusion of nutrients into the cells to occur

* It is easier for diffusion of wastes out of the cells to occur

What type of RNA carries information from DNA?

messenger

Which of the following are features that all cells have in common?

cytoplasm

nucleus or nucleoid

plasma membrane

Cells may move by which of the following methods?

* crawling

* swimming

The function of these organelles is to capture light energy and synthesize organic molecules, such as glucose, in the process of photosynthesis.

chloroplasts

The ________________ provides the scaffolding to hold certain enzymes in place in a cell.

cytoskeleton

Which of the following accurately describes the major function of the nucleus?

it houses most of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell

Eukaryotic cells contain which of the following?

plasmids

pili

nucleoid

ribosomes

ribosomes

Ribosomal subunits are produced in a region of the nucleus, called the _______________.

nucleolus

functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

* steroid synthesis

* storage of calcium

* assembly of membrane lipids

Lysosomes contain enzymes which are able to break down which of the following?

* carbohydrates

* nucleic acids

* lipids

* proteins

Which of the following organelles are part of the endomembrane system?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

The central ______________ and the _________________ of a plant cell are involved in maintaining the tonicity of the cell.

vacuole; tonoplast

Centrosomes, also called ______________ - organizing centers, are important for cell division in animals.

microtubule