IP-25 Female RS

female reproductive structures

external genitalia is labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vagina, urethral opening

Ovaries

is follicle where oocytes develop, thecal cells surround follicles, ruptured follicle become corpus luteum

what happens during Follicular phase of ovarian cycle

proliferation of granulosa cells, development of antrum, oocyte matures

ovulation phase of ovarian cycle

ripened follicle bursts, releasing oocyte

luteal phase of ovarian cycle

ruptured follicle develops into corpus luteum

endometrial lining cycle

in menses the endometrium is shed, in proliferative endometrium grows, in secretory endometrial secretions promote implantation

what are extra ovarian hormones

gnrh from hypothalamus, fsh and lh from anterior pituitary

what are ovarian hormones

estrogen, progesterone, inhibin

hormone control during follicular phase

fsh cause maturation of secondary and tertiary follicles, granulosa cells produce estrogen, lh stimulate thecal cells to make androgens which convert to estrogen by aromatase, antrum fills with fluid

hormone control during late follicular phase

secrete inhibin and progesterone, estrogen changes from neg to pos feedback, the lh surge, meiosis resumes in developing follicle

hormone control during ovulation

mature follicle secrete collagenase, inflammatory reaction produce prostaglandins, follicle rupture releasing mature oocyte, theca and granulosa cells become luteal cells

hormone control during early to mid luteal phase

corpus luteum develops and secrete progesterone and estrogen, progesterone and estrogen exert neg feedback on hypothalamus, progesterone cause endometrium to develop and cervical mucus thickens

hormone control in late luteal phase if no implantation

corpus luteum undergoes apoptosis, death of endometrium, mensus, fsh and lh secretion

hormone control late luteal phase following implantation

hcg maintains corpus luteum, corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen

erection reflex

erection is vascular event, require cns and spinal integration

emission

sperm enter urethra

ejaculation

sperm exit urethra

erection reflex efferent pathway

thoughts about sex, descending autonomic pathway, parasympathetic stimulated, penis arterioles vasodilate, erection

erection reflex afferent pathway

tactile stimuli, mechanoreceptor, sensory neuron, spinal cord, ascending sensory pathway, high brain center

parturition- birth process

before labor cervix softens, during labor uterine contracts, cervix dilates, and positive feedback of oxytocin, baby delivered, placental release and expulsion

hormone regulators of parturition

crh can stretch cervix, stretch of cervix stimulates oxytocin release, oxytocin stimulate prostaglandin release

parturition is by positive feedback loop

fetus drops lower in uterus, cervical stretch, oxytocin release from posterior pituitary, prostaglandins from uterine wall, uterine contractions