PET3322L Exam 2

Gyrus

Fold or bump

Sulci

Indent or groove

Motor cortex

Planned, coordinated movement

Prefrontal cortex

Higher-level cognitive function

Broca’s area

Language production

Frontal lobe

Reasoning, motor control, emotion, and language

Parietal lobe

Processing information from body’s senses

Somatosensory cortex

Process info from sensory receptors on skin and proprioceptors in muscle

Temporal lobe

Involved in hearing, memory, emotion, and some language  

Auditory cortex

Process auditory information

Wernicke’s area

Speech comprehension

Occipital lobe

Visual processing center

Primary visual cortex

Interpret visual information

Cerebellum

Attached to brainstem, receives information from sensory system and coordinates voluntary movement

Gray matter

Cell bodies and short, non-myelinated neurons

White matter

Myelinated and non-myelinated axons

Cerebrospinal fluid

Baths brain and spinal cord for protection

The somatosensory cortex is

located in the parietal lobe

The auditory cortex is

located in the temporal lobe along with Wernicke’s area

The prefrontal cortex is

located in the frontal lobe along with the motor cortex and Broca’s area

The Broca’s area is

located in the frontal lobe along with the prefrontal cortex and the motor cortex

The motor cortex is

located in the frontal lobe along with the prefrontal cortex and Broca’s area

The primary visual cortex is

located in the occipital lobe

Wernicke’s area is

located in the temporal lobe along with the auditory cortex

Meninges

Connective tissue membrane enclosing the brain and spinal cord

Dura mater

Superficial layer of the meninges

Arachnoid mater

Mid layer of the meninges

Pia mater

Layer of meninges bound closest to the brain

Nerve root

Initial segment of nerve leaving the central nervous system

Ventral root

Contains motor neuron axons

Dorsal root

Contains sensory neuron axons

Spinal nerve

Fusion of dorsal and ventral roots

Ramus

Division of spinal nerve with mix of sensory and motor fibers

Dorsal rami

Serve skin and musculature of posterior trunk

Ventral rami

Combine to form nerves plexuses (complex networks) which diverge again

31 pairs

of spinal nerves

Number of cervical nerves

8

Number of thoracic nerves

12

Number of lumbar nerves

5 (L1-L5)

Number of sacral nerves

5 (S1-S5)

Number of coccygeal nerves

1

Cervical plexus

C1-C5

Brachial plexus

C5-T1

Lumbar plexus

L1-L4

Sacral plexus

L4-S4

Serves the muscles of the shoulder and neck

Cervical plexus

Serves the skin and muscles or the arm and shoulder

Brachial plexus

Axillary

Muscle and skin of shoulder

Radial

Extensor muscles of arm, forearm, and hand

Musculocutaneous

Flexor muscles of anterior arm

Ulnar

Flexor muscles of anterior forearm

Serves the abdominopelvic region and anterior thigh

Lumbar plexus

Serves the buttock, posterior surface of the thigh, and all sensory and motor fibres of the leg and foot

Sacral plexus

Atrioventricular valves

Tricuspid and mitral valve

Semilunar valves

Pulmonary and aortic valve

Pacemaker

Sinoatrial node

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

Veins

Carry blood to the heart

Capillaries

Site of gas and nutrient/waste exchange

Tunica intima

Endothelium of the blood vessel

Tunica media

Smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the mid layer of the blood vessel

Tunica externa

Collagen fibers on the outside of the blood vessel