Strategies for responding and coping with hazards

How do you modify the event?

Lava diversion channels, Lava cooling with water slowing lava by adding concrete to it.

How do you modify vulnerability?

Education, community preparedness, prediction and warning, hazard resistant buildings, hazard mapping and land use zoning

How do you modify loss?

Emergency aid, disaster response teams, search and rescue, insurance

Define aseismic design and state why its important?

• Architecture and engineering design to withstand ground shaking and displacement.

• A core way to modify vulnerability to earthquake

Give some examples of aseismic design

• A stepped profile to multi-story buildings give them stability against lateral forces - asymmetrical structures will twist, making them more suspectable to collapse.

• Buildings near known faults or on soft soils such as alluvium increases the chance of damage and collapse. The steeper the slope angle, the more vulnerable it is to mass movement during an earthquake as the stresses on the slope may become so great the slope fails

• A soft story building base can lead to collapse - this needs to be braced or deep foundations need to be built.

• Stell frames and cross braced buildings can help reduce vulnerability.

Why is aseismic designed limited on?

In ACs its very expensive to retrofit buildings and in EDCs and LIDCs were some homes were built by the people, retrofitting isn’t an option.

What is Los Angeles quake resilience strategy?

• October 2016 - aggressive seismic regulations set

• ShakeAlert was an early warning system that can send out notifications - giving people 60 seconds before seismic waves hit their location.

• The local govt set up a Resilience plan which is an 18 step plan that prepares the city for both mitigation and response of earthquakes

• Also they focused on the power and water lines so in the time of crisis core resources can be accessed.

• The skyscrapers in Mexico City are designed to have deep basements and a diamond shape building survives better in survives waves.

What mitigation strategy was implemented after the Japanese earthquake?

Land use planning occurred as coastal levees were built. If the flood line rises to approx 2 metres or over then the area is said to be a disaster zone are no new relocation areas can occur and the govt encouraged people to leave the area with financial incentives.

When was the Christchurch earthquake?

2011

What was the Christchurch’s earthquakes magnitude?

6.3 Richter scale

Define liquefaction

when surface materials such as fine-grained sands, alluvium and landfill with a high water content, the vibrations can cause these materials lose their strength and structures tilt as building structures give way.

What percentage of Christchurch is damaged?

80%

What was the impact of the Christchurch earthquake?

Now the city has ‘soft infrastructure’ due to their risk of earthquakes (conservative plate boundary)