so many tears

pre ap test 3 that had me crying for an hour

Grand Canal

Grand Canal

Shipping conduit between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers in China built by the Sui Dynasty

paper

Han era development - diffused westward via the Silk Road

Pax Romana

“Peace of Rome” - golden age from approximately 46 BCE - 185 CE where Roman control spread to territories on three continents

Architectural Achievements: Rome

Aqueducts, roads, cements, Coliseum, Circus Maximus

Han Dynasty Architectural Achievement

great wall

Greek Architectural Achievements

Acropolis, Parthenon

Pericles

Athenian Golden Age leader - associated with democracy

Mauryan Empire

South Asian Empire: 322 BCE - 185 BCE

Han Dynasty

Chinese Dynasty: 202 BCE - 220 CE

The Gupta Empire

South Asian Empire: 350 - 543 CE

Sui Dynasty

Chinese Dynasty: 581-618 CE

The Xiongnu

300 BCE- 450 CE - a nomadic group from modern Mongolia

Hellenistic Civilization

Mixing of Greek with non Greek culture.  Arose in the successor kingdoms after Alexander the Great’s death

Acropolis

fortified hill - found in the center of a polis

The Persian Wars

Conflict containing the battles of Marathon and Thermopylae

The Peloponnesian War

fought between Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies (430 - 404 BCE)

The Roman Empire

Large empire that covered parts of Europe, Africa and the Middle East; existed from 14 BCE - 476 CE;  conquered peoples were incorporated into the Legions; products from various provinces created a diverse economy

Reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire

Political weakness, military decline, economic problems, invasions

Gupta Empire Achievements

Concept of zero; hospitals; capital at Pataliputra

Greek geography

Mountains; arid terrain; Aegean and Mediterranean Seas and many islands had the effect of creating independent city states that shared a common culture

Aryabhata

Indian scientist believed to be the first to use algebra

Legacy of Rome

Law, architecture, language, Christianity, engineering

Constantinople

Located where Europe meets Asia - newer capital of the Roman Empire established by Constantine - Ideal site for trade and well protected with natural barriers

Theodosius

named Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Constantine

ended the persecution of Christians; moved the capital of the Roman Empire eastward

The Silk Road

Major trade route that connected Han China to the Roman Empire and beyond

Legalism

Harsh system of law that preceded the Han period

Confucianism

Helped do away with Legalism in China; system of 5 relationships (superior/inferior) and meritocracy

Sparta

Life revolved around the army; arose in the Peloponnesus; discouraged trade

Athens

Focus on education (for males), arose in Attica; only 20% were citizens

Carthage

located in Northern Africa - Rome’s opponent in the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE)

Caesar

General and dictator of the Roman Republic - member of the first Triumvirate along with Crassus and Pompey

Octavian/Augustus

First emperor of Rome (ally of Caesar)

Socrates

Philosopher; questioning teaching technique

Plato

Student of Socrates; skeptical of democracy and the use of the senses to understand the world - believer in the use of reason and logic

Aristotle

Student of Plato; classification of animals and early science

Patricians

Roman upper class - member of the Senate

Plebeians

Roman lower class that included some wealthy members

Tribunes

Representatives for the Plebeians in the Roman senate

Tragedies/Comedies

Genres of Greek drama - reason triumphs over evil and satire