Motivation, Emotion, and Personality

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48 Terms

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Intrinsic motivation

Motivation from internal factors

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Extrinsic motivation

Motivation from external factors

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6 main emotions

happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise

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3 main motivators

sex, hunger, need to belong

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Self-actualization

The process by which people achieve their full potential

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Optimal arousal theory

Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an ideal (optimal) state

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Evolutionary perspective theory

We are motivated by natural instincts

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James-Lange Theory

Emotional reactions RESULT in physical reactions

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Cannon-Bard Theory

Emotional reactions and corresponding physical reactions happen simultaneously

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Humanistic theory of motavation

We are motivated by our need to belong

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Drive reduction theory of motivation

Organisms are motivated to reduce a state of arousal caused by a physiological need (drive)

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Arousal

A heightened state

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Focus of psychoanalytic perspective of personality

Childhood experiences and the unconscious mind

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Psychoanalytic perspective theorists

Sigmund Freud and Alfred Alder

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Sigmund Freud's focus on personality

Childhood events, the unconscious, and instincts

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Alfred Alder's focus on personality

The need for superiority, which stems from feelings of inferiority

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Personality

Individual differences in patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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Freud's three parts of personality

id, ego, superego

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Id

The instinctive part of personality that focuses on instant gratification and pleasure

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Ego

The "self" or "reality" part of personality; the decision-maker and peace-keeper

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Superego

The moral part of personality

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Defense mechanism

A mental deception used to avoid conscious conflict or anxiety

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Why Freud said people resort to defense mechanisms

The Ego's job is difficult balancing the Id and the Superego

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The 5 defense mechanisms

Repression
Denial
Projection
Regression
Displacement

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Repression (defense mechanism)

A person forgets experience (pushes it into the unconscious)

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Denial (defense mechanism)

A person refuses to believe painful realities

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Projection (defense mechanism)

A person "projects" their own thoughts and feelings onto someone else

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Regression (defense mechanism)

A person goes back to an earlier or less mature state or behavior

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Displacement (defense mechanism)

A person redirects or "places" their feelings onto a person or object.

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What did Alfred Alder say impacts personality?

Birth order

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5 main traits of personality

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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Openness to experience

Being open-minded and like to try new things

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Conscientiousness

Being responsible, dependable, self-disciplined, and organized

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Extraversion

Being sociable, assertive, and lively

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Agreeableness

Being is good-natured, cooperative, and trusting

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Neuroticism

Being anxious, irritable, temperamental, and moody

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Hans Eysenck

Suggested there are three dimensions of personality: psychoticism, extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-emotional stability

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PEN model

Psychoticism, Extraversion-introversion, Neuroticism-emotional stability

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Extroversion

A personality trait shared by people who are friendly, assertive, and outgoing with others

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Introversion

A personality trait shared by quiet and reserved individuals

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High in extroversion

Sociable, outgoing, easily connect with others (extrovert)

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Extrovert

An outgoing person

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Introvert

A person whose thoughts and interests are directed inward

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High in introversion

Need to be alone, like to do things by themselves, limit their interactions with others (Introvert)

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High in neuroticism

Anxious, insecure

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High in stability

Laid-back, emotionally stable

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High in psychoticism

Independent, mean, outsider, impulsive

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Motivation

What drives people to do the things they do