Unit 1 APES

Unit 1 APES test study guide (9.3-9.7)

Measured by the amount of Ca2+ and Mg2+

-Acidity

-Turbidity

-Hardness

-Dissolved O2

-Salinity

Hardness

Caused by suspended particles

-Acidity

-Turbidity

-Hardness

-Dissolved O2

-Salinity

Turbidity

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

-Nitrifying bacteria and lightning

-Decomposing plant and animal material

-Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

-Nitrates taken up by plant roots

Denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity.

The largest area of old-growth forest in the United Stares is located in

Alaska

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that comes only from human sources?

Chlorofluorocarbons

Which of the following is true about aquatic biomes?

Freshwater biomes are a vital source of drinking water

based on the data above, which of the following hypotheses is about the future conditions in the arctic is most plausible if the trend scene from 2011 to 2017 continues.

The albedo will decrease.

which of the following best identifies the authors claim in the article?

anthropogenic, greenhouse, gas emissions have indirectly increased the amount of precipitation that results from hurricanes.

based on the article, what is one assumption that can be made about the benefits of using drones to collect data on methane and melting permafrost.

Using drones can help to predict erosion hotspots and reduce the impact on coastal villages and wildlife habitat.

which of the following strategies has most aided the nesting success of the piping plowers at old orchard beach.

An increase in educational outreach to beachgoers.

A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species, and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can be best made?

Primary succession always produces an abundance of nitrogen.

The terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram above very in net primary productivity. The explanation for the variation includes, which of the following?

temperature and precipitation. (I and II only)

This biome has the highest net primary productivity, in part because of consistently warm temperatures in abundant sunlight.

Tropical rainforest.

The thick forest of this biome tends to be well adapted to short growing seasons.

Taiga.

guano from fish – eating birds is a commercial source of this element.

Phosphorus.

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on Mount Fuji is about 175,000 kcal/m2/yr, And the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000 kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?

60,000 kcal/m2/yr

which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from earths atmosphere?

Formation of carbonate deposits.

Although levels of CFCs In the atmosphere are much lower than those of CO2, CFCs are still potent greenhouse gases because they

Are much more efficient at absorbing thermal radiation

which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?

A release of chlorifluorocarbons to the atmosphere.

which of the following is a characteristic of tropical rainforests?

Their soils are relatively poor in nutrients

The spread of infectious diseases is expected to increase with climate change, mainly because

Warmer temperatures allow disease – carrying insects to survive in areas that were once too cold

which of the following is a part of of a positive feedback mechanism associated with global climate change?

Melting of arctic sea ice

which of the following best explains the impact of climate change on polar regions?

Polar regions are warming more quickly than other regions because warming decreases the coverage of high – albedo ground cover, like ice and snow.

based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

Hawks and snakes

based on the data in the table, if the number of snakes were to suddenly decrease, which of the following changes would most likely occur in the food web of this ecosystem?

increase a number of shoes and decrease in number of hawks

Coral bleaching can be hazardous to some fish species because

Coral reefs provide unique habitats for fish

The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas

Denitrification

which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers minus the energy that producers respire overtime

Approximate efficiency of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis

1%

The diagrams above show an area that was once a pasture that has since undergone changes to the vegetation overtime. Which of the following changes in the hydrologic cycle is most likely to occur as a result of the change in the vegetation in the area?

increased infiltration

losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?

The second law of thermodynamics stop

scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1650 kcal/m2/yr, and Forest B has a net primary productivity of 1110 kcal/m2/yr. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

in Mediterranean climate regions, like portions of California, a weather than normal winter often leads to greater severity of fires the following summer. This paradox occurs because increased rain leads to

greater accumulation of chapparal biomass

Which letter correctly identifies the part of the hydrologic cycle that is most directly affected by impervious building materials, such as concrete and asphalt?

D

According to the graph, the increase in CO2 concentration, in parts per million, between 1970 and 1990 is closest to

30 PPM

The major reservoirs of nitrogen and sulfur in the biosphere are correctly identified by which of the following?

Nitrogen = atmosphere

Sulfur = rocks

zone that has the greatest biodiversity

A

ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate

Nitrification

In the nitrogen cycle, illustrated above, nitrification occurs in which of the following steps?

Step 3

Country with the largest area of boreal forests

Russia

Country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest

United States of America

which of the following best describes soil in many tropical rainforest?

they are quickly depleted nutrients when the forest is removed

According to the diagram, the movement of phosphorus between biological organisms and soil is in a steady state in an undisturbed system. Which of the following best explains the reason for the steady movement?

Readily available organic phosphorus in the soil is assimilated by plants

which of the following regions of the ocean is least likely to contain photosynthetic organisms?

Abyssal zone

which of the following is the zone of a pond or lake in which rooted, emergent plants such as cattails and rushes are located?

Littoral

this biome is warm and wet, with little seasonal variation and temperature and frequent precipitation

Tropical rainforest

The location of the greatest remaining natural biodiversity

D

this area has the lowest amount of naturally available freshwater per capita

D

Approximately what percent of the water on earth is fresh water? (liquid and solid)

2.5%

elements that cycle in the environment, and that also have a gashes phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following

Carbon and Sulfur (I and III only)

which of the following elements is most likely to limit primary production in freshwater lakes

Phosphorus

which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems

Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable, insoluble compounds

The great grasslands of the world have which of the following primary characteristics in common

Seasonal cycles of temperature and precipitation produce abundant vegetative growth

which of the following best describes how ocean acidification affects coral formation

The increase in hydrogen ions dissolved in the ocean water sequesters available carbonate ions, preventing the use of calcium carbonate for coral skeleton formation

scientists want to investigate whether the increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the ocean affects fish survival. Scientists suspect, immature, fish larvae may be most affected by increased carbon dioxide concentrations. Which of the following best identifies a testable hypothesis for the investigation

The decreasing PH of the ocean water will decrease the survival ship of fish.