religion midterm

what are the 3 characteristics of being human?

what are the 3 characteristics of being human?

soul, intellect, will

what will happen to our body and soul after our death and the final resurrection?

our bodies and souls are separated; our souls are reunited with our bodies

what is the spiritual principle of our being?

soul

intellect

spiritual power of knowing reality (truth) in a nonmaterial way

what human characteristic gives us the ability to choose our actions?

free will

revealed law

god has told us through supernatural means (we would not understand them without god revealing them to us)

ecclesial law

rules taught by the church regarding theology, rituals, daily practices

natural law

how humans participate in eternal law (written on the human heart)

eternal law

divine wisdom of god which oversees the order and his plan to lead all of creation towards his eternal salvific plan

civil law

rules created by a secular institution, government, state, country

each one of us are destined for ______ if we choose to pursue it

eternal beautitude

morality is trying to understand what our ______ is and how we ______

purpose, achieve it

how does aquinas think we will become happy?

by fulfilling our own purpose, which is to think and love in participation with god

beatific vision

perfect happiness in heaven

conscience

judgment of reason by which the human person recognizes the moral quality of a concrete action

what human characteristic gives us the ability to have a conscience?

intellect

interiority

awareness of our inner self; reflecting, self-examination

how do we form our conscience? (3 ex)

going to mass, receiving sacraments, seeking guidance, reading the bible

what is the difference between habits that can form our conscience and habits that can make our conscience erroneous?

form our conscience - good habits that draw us to god; make it erroneous - bad habits draw us away from god

a well-formed conscience makes decisions that follow god’s ______ law

eternal

erroneous

wrong

ignorance

lack of knowing something while having the ability to learn

culpability

morally responsible

ears are to sound as ______ is to _______

conscience, natural law

t/f: those that know better have a responsibility to form their conscience

true

objective truth

grounded in reality and independent to the mind’s consideration of something

subjective truth

our mind’s consideration of something based on our personal experience

morals are _____

objective

our morals come from ______

god

there are objectively _____ and _____ actions in this world (ex: killing an innocent life is objectively ____)

good, evil, evil

what phrase means that you cannot commit an evil action with good intentions?

the end does not justify the means

what makes having objective morals challenging

lack of respect for the church, relativism (no morals), “you do you” mentality

relativism

some people believe they can set their own moral standards and that they don’t need to study morality to learn the difference between good and bad

why relativism can be problematic

no universal understanding of what is good and evil

object

the action itself

intention

the reason behind the action

circumstance

elements surrounding the object, including consequences

principle of double effect

principle comes into play when a particular moral act has both a good and evil effect (helps determine if an action is morally good or evil)

ex: chemotherapy, self-defense

christian definition of freedom

ability to seek what is true and good

because we cannot control our circumstance, our ______ can vary from situation to situation

culpability

what is an offense against God’s laws and our intellect?

sin

original sin

fallen sin of humankind every person is born into that leads to death

t/f: original sin is a personal sin

false

concupiscence

our passions and desires that go against our reason

what does venial sin do to our relationship with god?

wounds it

what does mortal sin do to our relationship with god?

destroys it

three ways a sin can be venial

sin disobey’s god’s law with a lesser matter, person doesn’t have full knowledge that the sin being committed is grave, person doesn’t have full consent to committing the grave sin

three criteria for a mortal sin

sin is of grave matter, full knowledge, full consent

there is a ________ for mortal and venial sin

biblical basis

vice

negative habits that hurt our conscience and incline a person to sin

pride

belief that we are better than others, thinking yourself about god (humility)

avarice

excessive desire for possessions/money (generosity)

envy

jealousy (gratitude)

wrath

hatred of others or desire for revenge (forgiveness)

gluttony

excessively desiring/thinking about food/drink (self-discipline)

lust

objectifying others for your own satisfaction (chastity)

sloth

laziness, indifference, lethargy, procrastination (diligence)

four cardinal virtues

prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance

prudence

practical reasoning to discern our true good in every circumstance and to choose the right means of achieving it (helps us to make good decisions)

justice

giving what is due to a person (what is deserved)

fortitude

firmness in difficulties and constant pursuit of goodness (moderates our fear and helps us overcome it)

temperance

moderates the attraction of pleasures and provides balance in use of created goods (moderates desires for pleasure)

three theological virtues

faith, hope, love

faith

believing in God and the Church’s teaching

hope

desiring eternal life as our happiness, placing our trust in Christ’s promises

charity (love)

love god above all things for his own sake and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of god

cardinal virtues come from our _______ and theological virtues come form god’s ________

human nature, supernatural grace

grace

free, undeserved help from god that is a supernatural gift

grace gives us the ability to have what three supernatural virtues?

faith, hope, love

actual grace is a “nudge” from the _______ that is supposed to lead us to ______

holy spirit, jesus

sanctifying grace is given to us from _____ that heals us and brings us to _____

jesus, god

virtue

a habitual and firm disposition to do good in accordance with faith and reason