N430 - Unit 4

1.5-6 mmHg

normal ICP for infants

3-7 mmHg

normal ICP for children

5-15 mmHg

normal ICP for adults

increased ICP

ICP of 15 mmHg or higher in adults

severely increased ICP

ICP greater than 20 mmHg in adults

cerebrum

largest portion of the brain; contains:

• frontal lobe

• parietal lobe

• occipital lobe

• temporal lobe

frontal lobe

responsible for speech, emotions, involuntary movements, thoughts, judgement

parietal lobe

responsible for shape recognitiion, pain, temperature regulation

occipital lobe

responsible for visual interpretation

temporal lobe

stores memory and interprets auditory stimuli

Broca’s area

area of the brain responsible for speech production

Wernicke’s area

area of the brain responsible for language development and speech comprehension

cerebellum

second largest part of brain; contains gray & white matter

functions:

• skeletal muscle coordination

• smooth muscle movement

• balance

diencephalon

contains:

• thalamus

• hypothalamus

• epithalamus

thalamus

gateway to the cerebral cortex

hypothalamus

autonomic control center of several body functions (ex: mood, sleep cycle)

epithalamus

connects the limbic system to other parts of the brain

contains pineal gland that helps secrete melatonin

brainstem

connects pathways, influences BP, regulates respiratory rate/depth/rhythm; contains:

• midbrain

• pons

• medulla oblongata

seizure

period of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain

status epilepticus

continuous seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes or a series of seizures without regaining consciousness between

2 years

how long must a patient be seizure free to consider trialing weaning off of seizure medications

Monro-Kelle hypothesis

relationship between the following three components: brain matter (80%), blood (10%) and CSF (10%)

cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

= MAP-ICP

• normal: 50-100 mmHg

Cushing’s triad

indicates increased ICP

1. bradycardia

2. irregular respirations (Cheyne-Stokes)

3. widened pulse pressure