Basic Human Struc And Func
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exam 3
Last updated 11:36 PM on 4/3/26
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50 Terms
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What is a synapse?
The junction where one neuron communicates with another (or a muscle/gland)
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Are action potentials all-or-none or partial?
All-or-none (cannot stop once started)
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What causes depolarization?
Sodium ions (Na+) rushing into the cell
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What neuron carries sensory info to the CNS?
Afferent neuron
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What neuron carries motor info from the CNS?
Efferent neuron
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Function of Schwann cells
Myelin in the PNS
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Function of oligodendrocytes
Myelin in the CNS
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Function of astrocytes
Support cells; regulate environment and help form blood-brain barrier
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Function of dendrites
Receive signals
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Function of the cell body (soma)
Processes information
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Function of the axon
Sends signals
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Correct sequence of a reflex arc
Stimulus → Sensory neuron → Interneuron → Motor neuron → Effector
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Which system controls skeletal muscle?
Somatic nervous system
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How do steroid hormones work?
Enter cells and bind intracellular receptors to affect DNA
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Where are steroid hormone receptors found?
Inside the cell (cytoplasm or nucleus)
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What is cAMP?
A second messenger that relays signals inside the cell
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What controls the anterior pituitary?
Hypothalamus
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Definition of a hormone
A chemical messenger carried in the blood
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Function of growth hormone
Stimulates growth and metabolism
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Function of parathyroid hormone
Increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts
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Function of insulin
Lowers blood glucose
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Function of oxytocin
Uterine contractions and milk release
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Hormones are regulated by what feedback?
Negative feedback
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Function of erythrocytes (RBCs)
Carry oxygen
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Function of WBCs
Immune defense
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Function of platelets
Blood clotting
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Which formed element is a cell fragment?
Platelets
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What is hematocrit?
Percentage of blood made up of RBCs
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Which formed element has no nucleus?
RBCs
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Which WBCs are agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
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Which WBCs are granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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Most phagocytic WBCs
Neutrophils and monocytes
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Main function of albumin
Maintains osmotic pressure
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Fibrinogen converts to fibrin to form what?
Blood clot
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Blood type A antigens
A antigen
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Blood type B antigens
B antigen
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Blood type AB antigens
A and B antigens
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Blood type O antigens
No antigens
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WBC sticking to capillary wall
Margination
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WBC leaving the vessel
Diapedesis
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Blood vessel flow order
Arteries → Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins
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Basic blood flow through heart
Veins → Atria → Valves → Ventricles → Arteries
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Detailed blood flow through heart
Vena cava → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Mitral valve → Left ventricle → Aorta
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What is the "lubb" sound?
AV valves closing
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What is the "dupp" sound?
Semilunar valves closing
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Parasympathetic effect on heart
Slows heart rate
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Sympathetic effect on heart
Increases heart rate
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Three methods of capillary exchange
Diffusion, filtration, osmosis
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Cardiac conduction system order
SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
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Which node is the pacemaker?
SA node
