ap gov - required documents
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9 Terms
1
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Declaration of independence
july 4, 1776 - Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston
* document where the 13 colonies are gaining independence from Great Britain and cutting ties permanently.
* document where the 13 colonies are gaining independence from Great Britain and cutting ties permanently.
2
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Articles of Confederation
1777, Benjamin Franklin (first author)
* United States’ first Constitution, first frame of government
* Ultimately had many weaknesses and couldn’t support the growing population
* United States’ first Constitution, first frame of government
* Ultimately had many weaknesses and couldn’t support the growing population
3
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Federalist 10
1787, James Madison
* Argued for the ratification of the Constitution
* A strong central government can protect liberty since it protects against dangers of factions/interest groups
* Argued for the ratification of the Constitution
* A strong central government can protect liberty since it protects against dangers of factions/interest groups
4
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Federalist 51
1788, James Madison
* checks and balances
* separation of powers
* shows that a strong central government can’t take full control and that states will still have their own government and freedoms within their states
* Also proves how the different branches of government can’t overpower one another but instead have balanced checks to ensure one branch isn’t in control of the other two
* checks and balances
* separation of powers
* shows that a strong central government can’t take full control and that states will still have their own government and freedoms within their states
* Also proves how the different branches of government can’t overpower one another but instead have balanced checks to ensure one branch isn’t in control of the other two
5
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Federalist 70
1788, Alexander Hamilton
* showed a need for a unitary government
* ensures accountability
* reduces corruption
* enables president to defend encroachments on his power
* showed a need for a unitary government
* ensures accountability
* reduces corruption
* enables president to defend encroachments on his power
6
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Federalist 78
1788, Alexander Hamilton
* Established judiciary review + independent judiciary branch
* describes process of political review
* Federal courts have a duty to determine if Congress’ acts are constitutional
* Established judiciary review + independent judiciary branch
* describes process of political review
* Federal courts have a duty to determine if Congress’ acts are constitutional
7
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Brutus 1
1787, Robert Yates (not confirmed)
* anti-fed view
* Emphasizes how a strong central government will overpower state governments (counteracted by federalist 51 - checks and balances)
* especially under the necessary and proper clause - which allows Congress to do what they think is necessary and proper for the nation (creating laws)
* Free republic can’t exist with a large population
* also argued that with no Bill of Rights, the rights of the people are not identified and can be used to the government’s advantage.
* anti-fed view
* Emphasizes how a strong central government will overpower state governments (counteracted by federalist 51 - checks and balances)
* especially under the necessary and proper clause - which allows Congress to do what they think is necessary and proper for the nation (creating laws)
* Free republic can’t exist with a large population
* also argued that with no Bill of Rights, the rights of the people are not identified and can be used to the government’s advantage.
8
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Constitution/Bill of Rights
1788, James Madison (Father of Consti.), Philadelphia Convention
* established a strong central government consisting of 3 branches - executive, legislative, judicial
* included checks and balances + separation of powers
* divides power between federal and states
* different views than the AOC
* outlined specific rights granted to Congress, states, and individuals
* Our current Constitution and the system we use ^^
* established a strong central government consisting of 3 branches - executive, legislative, judicial
* included checks and balances + separation of powers
* divides power between federal and states
* different views than the AOC
* outlined specific rights granted to Congress, states, and individuals
* Our current Constitution and the system we use ^^
9
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Letter from Birmingham Jail
1963, Martin Luther King Jr.
* a response to a statement made by white religious southern leaders.
* specified that people have a responsibility to break unjust laws and take direct action instead of just waiting for justice
* Showing the peoples message through peaceful protests, speeches, union, etc. but never violence
* Take action to end segregation and injustice for African Americans in the U.S.
* a response to a statement made by white religious southern leaders.
* specified that people have a responsibility to break unjust laws and take direct action instead of just waiting for justice
* Showing the peoples message through peaceful protests, speeches, union, etc. but never violence
* Take action to end segregation and injustice for African Americans in the U.S.
