Reproduction in Humans

Flashcards covering key vocabulary related to human reproduction, including terms about gametes, fertilization, hormones, and the menstrual cycle.

Asexual Reproduction

A form of reproduction where offspring arise from a single parent, producing genetically identical cells through mitosis.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two identical cells.

Gametes

Specialized sex cells produced in the male and female reproductive systems, which are involved in sexual reproduction.

Fertilization

The process in which sperm and egg cells fuse to form a zygote, restoring the diploid chromosome number.

Zygote

The initial cell formed when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg, which will develop into a new organism.

Meiosis

The division process that produces gametes with half the genetic material of the original cell, resulting in haploid cells.

Differentiation

The process by which cells develop into specialized types with distinct forms and functions.

Menstrual Cycle

The monthly cycle where a mature egg is released from the ovaries for potential fertilization.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles and sperm production.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A hormone from the pituitary gland that triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone secretion in males.

Placenta

An organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy, supplying nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removing waste.

Umbilical Cord

The structure connecting the fetus to the placenta, facilitating nutrient and waste exchange.

Progesterone

A hormone secreted by the ovaries that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and prevents menstruation if the egg is fertilized.

Ovulation

The release of an egg from a mature follicle in the ovary, typically occurring mid-cycle in the menstrual cycle.

Acrosome

The cap-like structure of sperm that contains enzymes used to penetrate the egg membrane during fertilization.

Fertilized Egg

An egg that has been successfully fertilized by a sperm, leading to the formation of a zygote.

Clonal Growth

A form of asexual reproduction where organisms reproduce without the exchange of genetic material, resulting in genetically identical clones.

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Physical traits that develop during puberty, influenced by sex hormones, differentiating males from females.