Pharmacology: Drug Actions, Receptors, and Schedule Classifications

How would an adverse effect be treated?

A. No treatment is necessary.

B. Patients should be hospitalized until the effect subsides.

C. An antidote must be given.

D. The dose may be adjusted or drug switched to an alternative.

D. The dose may be adjusted or the drug switched to an alternative.

Which of the following drugs would be considered agonists?

A. Fluoxetine binds to a protein and prevents the reuptake of serotonin

B. Rosuvastatin binds to HMG-CoA reductase and prevents the synthesis of cholesterol

C. Morphine binds to a specific receptor and produces pain relief

D. Labetalol binds to beta-1 receptors preventing norepinephrine from binding

C. Morphine binds to a specific receptor and produces pain relief

Which of the following terms refers to the desired effect of a drug?

A. Therapeutic

B. Toxic

C. Adverse

D. Expected

A. Therapeutic

Which of the following best describes an antagonist?

A. Drugs that bind to a specific receptor and block a response

B. Drugs that bind to a specific receptor and produce a response

C. Drugs that bind to other drugs to form a complex

D. Drugs that promote the binding of agonist drugs to a specific receptor

A. Drugs that bind to a specific receptor and block a response

Drugs that bind to a specific receptor and produce a response

agonists

What is the term used to describe where a drug works in the body?

A. Mechanism of action

B. Site of action

C. Work site

D. Therapeutic site

B. Site of action

What term describes how a drug produces its effects?

A. Posology

B. Pharmacokinetics

C. Drug indication

D. Mechanism of action

D. Mechanism of action

What is the term used to describe when agonist and antagonist drugs are given at the same time, and they attempt to bind to the same receptor sites?

A. Competing receptors

B. Competitive agonism

C. Competing drugs

D. Competitive antagonism

D. Competitive antagonism

Drug action begins after a drug attaches itself to a protein in the cell membrane, which is known as the ______ site.

agonist

receptor

antagonist

mechanism

receptor

Which of the following describes an agonist?

A. Drugs that bind to a specific receptor and block a response

B. Drugs that bind to specific receptors and produce a response

correct

C. Drugs that bind to other drugs to form a complex

D. Drugs that bind to an antagonist

A. Drugs that bind to specific receptors and produce a response

What is the term used to describe a dose that will produce an effect that is half the maximal response?

ED50

EP1/2

half-life

POT50

ED50

True or False

If the drug requires 200 mg to achieve a maximum dose response, 400 mg would represent the ED50.

False

The ED50 is the dose that produces 50% of the maximum effect. So ED50 will be 100 mg for this drug.

True or False

Naloxone is an example of an antagonist because it binds to opioid receptors and prevents morphine from binding to them.

true

What term refers to both agonist and antagonist drugs being administered together and competing for the same receptor sites.

A. Competitive antagonism

B. Mechanism of action

C. Competitive agonism

D. Antagonistic action

A. Competitive antagonism

What is the duration of action for a drug?

A. The length of time it takes for a drug to be absorbed

B. The length of time it takes for the drug to begin working

C. The length of time that a drug continues to produce its effect

D. The length of time it takes for a drug to be metabolized

C. The length of time that a drug continues to produce its effect

The measure of the strength, or concentration, of a drug required to produce a specific effect is known as

potency

True or False

The onset of action refers to the time from drug administration to the first observable effect.

true

True or False

A drug manufacturer has to only show that a drug is effective before it will be approved by the FDA.

False

Reason: Drugs have to be shown to be safe and effective.

What is the onset of action for a drug?

A. The duration for which the drug remains effective

B. The duration for which the drug stays in the body

C. The time before a drug begins to metabolize

D. The time from drug administration to the first observable effect

D. The time from drug administration to the first observable effect

What is the term for a drug that produces congenital anomalies?

Carcinogen

Teratogen

Hallucinogenic

Antigenic

Teratogen

The ratio of the LD50 to the ED50 of a drug is known as what?

Duration of action

Therapeutic index

Time-plasma concentration curve

Half-life

Therapeutic index

What term describes an adverse effect that is not dose dependent and is influenced by individual variations?

Side effect

Toxic effect

Carcinogenic reaction

Idiosyncratic reaction

Idiosyncratic reaction

Which of the following best describes what can occur during an allergic reaction?

Hypotension can occur

Bronchoconstriction can occur

An antigen-antibody reaction causes the release of histamine

An antigen-antibody reaction causes the release of epinephrine

Hypotension can occur

Bronchoconstriction can occur

An antigen-antibody reaction causes the release of histamine

A drug is considered any chemical substance that produces a change in body function.

True or false question.

True

The nonproprietary name of a drug is commonly called a _________ drug

generic

What is the difference between an adverse effect and an allergic response?

Typical symptoms of an adverse effect include rash, hives and itching.

An allergic response occurs when a patient becomes sensitized to a drug and an immune reaction occurs.

It is easier to predict an allergic reaction than an adverse reaction.

An allergic reaction occurs when too high of a dose is given.

An allergic response occurs when a patient becomes sensitized to a drug and an immune reaction occurs.

What term describes an allergic reaction that is severe and is a medical emergency?

Antigen-antibody reaction

Adverse Effect

Antigen Response

Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis

Which of the following are examples of nonprescription or over-the-counter drugs?

Antacids

Antihypertensives

Cold remedies

Aspirin

Narcotics

Antacids

Cold remedies

Aspirin

What is the primary use of the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)?

A. Basic information on indications and doses

B. Contains information used by drug manufacturers to ensure drug production according to government standards

C. Detailed information based on therapeutic use

D. Provides in depth information about prescription, non-prescription, and nutritional supplements

B. Contains information used by drug manufacturers to ensure drug production according to government standards

Which of the following drugs are considered Schedule I drugs?

Morphine

Cocaine

Heroin

Amphetamines

Heroin

True or false

Refills of Schedule II drugs require a new written prescription from the physician.

true

Which of the following defines a Schedule III drug?

A. A drug with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use

B. A drug with low abuse potential and accepted medical use

C. A drug with high abuse potential and accepted medical use

D. A drug with high abuse potential and no medical use

A. A drug with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use

What drugs have a high abuse potential and no medical use?

Schedule I

What are the requirements for refilling Schedule III prescriptions?

A. They can be refilled up to five times in 6 months.

B. They cannot be refilled under any circumstances.

C. They can be refilled one time with a physician's authorization.

D. They can be refilled as often as a physician requests.

A. They can be refilled up to five times in 6 months.

True or false question.

Morphine, pure cocaine, and short-acting barbiturates are examples of Schedule II drugs.

true

True or false question.

Antianxiety drugs such as Librium and Valium are classified under Schedule IV.

true

True or false

Schedule III drugs may be refilled up to five times within six months with the physician's authorization.

true

Which of following are Schedule IV drugs? More than one answer may be correct.

Ambien

Valium

Phenobarbital

Secobarbital

Ambien

Valium

Phenobarbital

Which of the following types of drugs are in the Schedule V category? More than one answer may be correct.

A. Benzodiazepines, i.e.,alprazolam and diazepam

B. Preparations containing limited quantities of codeine

C. Antidiarrheal medications, i.e., diphenoxylate

D. Narcotic analgesics, i.e., pure codeine

B. Preparations containing limited quantities of codeine

C. Antidiarrheal medications, i.e., diphenoxylate

Which of the following defines a Schedule V drug?

A. A drug with high abuse potential and accepted medical use

B. A drug with no accepted medical use and high abuse potential

C. A drug with moderate abuse potential and accepted medical use

D. A drug with limited abuse potential and acceptable medical use

D. A drug with limited abuse potential and acceptable medical use