characterization and classification of eukaryotes

protozoa

these are eukaryotic, unicellular, lack cell walls, free-living, parasitic, and about 2-20,000 micrometers

moist environment

you would find most protozoa in:

pleomorphic

morphology of protozoa

trophozoite

protozoa stage where they are motile

trophozoite

protozoa stage; feeding stage; diagnostic stage

cysts

protozoa stage where they are dormant

cysts

protozoa stage; resting stage

cysts

protozoa stage; infective stage; with low metabolic rate

chemoheterotrophic, photoautotrophic

two forms of nutrition of protozoa

chemoheterotrophic

means obtains nutrients by phagocytizing bacteria, decaying organic matter, other protozoa, or the tissues of the host; a few absorb nutrients from the surrounding water

both

reproduction of protozoa: asexual/sexual

2 multiple choice options

binary fission

asexual reproduction method of protozoa

flagellated

protozoa that undergo longitudinal binary fission

ciliated

protozoa that undergo transverse binary fission

conjugation

sexual reproduction method of protozoa

paramecium

a protist with cilia and two types of nuclei

sarcodina, mastigophora, ciliophora, sporozoa

4 classifications of protozoa based on their locomotory structures and based on nucleotide sequencing

pseudopodia

motility of sarcodina

flagella

motility of mastigophora

mastigophora

largest group of protozoa

cilia

motility of ciliophora

nonmotile

motility of sporozoa

sporozoa

this class of protozoa are all pathogenic to humans

alveolates

category; alveoli; tubular mitochondrial cristae

alveolates

category of ciliates

alveolates

category of apicomplexans

alveolates

category of dinoflagellates

ciliates

category; cilia

ciliates

category; balantidium

ciliates

category; paramecium

ciliates

category; stentor

apicomplexans

category; apical complex of organelles

apicomplexans

category; babesia

apicomplexans

category; plasmodium

apicomplexans

category; toxoplasma

dinoflagellates

category; photosynthesis; two flagella

dinoflagellates

category; gymnodinium

dinoflagellates

category; gonyaulax

dinoflagellates

category; pfiesteria

amoebae

category; pseudopodia; lack mitochondria

amoebae

category; foraminifera

amoebae

category; radiolarians

amoebae

category; free-living types

amoebae

category; parasitic types

free-living types

category; naegleria

free-living types

category; acanthamoeba

parasitic types

category; entamoeba

euglenozoa

category; flagella, disc-shaped mitochondrial cristae

euglenozoa

category; euglenoids

euglenozoa

category; kinetoplastids

euglenoids

category; photosynthesis; pellicle

euglenoids

category; euglena

kinetoplastids

category; single large mitochondrion with dna localized in kinetoplast

kinetoplastids

category; trypanosoma

diplomonadida

category; lack mitochondria, golgi bodies, and peroxisomes

diplomonadida

category; diplomonads

diplomonadida

category; microsporida

diplomonads

category; two equal-sized nuclei; multiple flagella

diplomonads

category; giardia

microsporida

category; polar filaments

microsporida

category; nosema

parabasala

category; parabasalids

parabasalids

category; single nucleus

parabasalids

category; trichonympha

parabasalids

category; trichomonas

alveolates

protozoa with small membrane-bound cavities called alveoli

alveolates

protozoa that have tubular mitochondrial cristae

ciliates

category; vorticella

ciliates

category; didinium

ciliates

alveolates that have cilia by which they either move themselves or move water past their cell surfaces

apicomplexans

category; cryptosporidium

apicomplexans

alveolates that are all pathogens of animals

apicomplexans

the name of this group of protozoans refers to the complex of special intracellular organelles, located at the apices of the infective stages of these microbes that enable them to penetrate the host cells

dinoflagellates

alveolates that have food reserves of starch and oil, and their cells are often strengthened by internal plates of cellulose

dinoflagellates

alveolates that are historically classified as algae because of their plant-like features

18s

rRNA sequence of dinoflagellates

dinoflagellates

alveolates that are bioluminescent; photoautotrophic

red tide

50,000 cells/mL; a neurotoxin

dinoflagellates

responsible for red tide

ingestion of shellfish

cause of red tide

possible estuary-associated syndrome

meaning of PEAS

pfiesteria

causes PEAS

possible estuary-associated syndrome

caused by handling infected fish; breath air laden with the microbes

possible estuary-associated syndrome

disease caused by protozoa that may cause memory loss, confusion, headache, respiratory difficulties, skin rash, muscle cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

cercozoa

other name for foraminifera

foraminifera

amoebae that have a porous shell arranged on an organic matrix in a snail-like manner

calcium carbonate

substance the shells of foraminifera are made of

foraminifera

amoebae that have pseudopodia that extend through the holes in their shell

foraminifera

amoebae that live attached to sand grains on the ocean floor

foraminifera

amoebae that are mostly microscopic, though scientists have discovered species several centimeters in diameter

radiolarians

amoebae that have thread-like pseudopodia, have ornate shells of silica, live in marine water as part of the plankton

radiolarians

amoebae with dead bodies that settle at the bottom of the ocean where they form ooze that is hundreds of meters thick in some locations

free-living types, parasitic types

amoebae that have a lobed-shaped pseudopodia and no shells

slime molds

were formerly considered another group of fungi, but the lobe-shaped pseudopodia by which they feed and move as well as their nucleotide sequences show that they are amoebozoa

plasmodial molds, cellular molds

two types of slime molds

cell walls

slime molds lack __________, closely resembling amoebae rather than fungi

phagocytic

slime molds are ___________ rather than absorptive in their nutrition like fungi

18s

rna sequence for slime molds

slime molds

are important to humans primarily as excellent laboratory systems for the study of developmental and molecular biology

plasmodial slime molds

acellular slime molds