Global History II - Africa and China

Angola

______ gained its independence from Portugal on November 11, 1975, after a long and bloody war for independence. The war lasted for 14 years, from 1961 to 1975, and resulted in the deaths of thousands of people. The independence of ______ was recognized by most countries in the world, and the country became a member of the United Nations on December 1, 1976.

MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola)

The __________ was a Communist-leaning political party and guerrilla movement that fought for the independence of Angola from Portugal and later became the ruling party of Angola.

UNITA

______ is a political party and former armed group in Angola that fought against the government during the Angolan Civil War. It was founded in 1966 and was supported by the United States and South Africa during the conflict. After the war, it transformed into a political party and participated in the country's democratic process.

Angolese Civil War

The __________ was a conflict that occurred in Angola from 1975 to 2002, fought between the government and rebel groups. It resulted in the deaths of approximately 500,000 people and caused significant damage to the country's infrastructure.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa from 1948 to 1994

National Party

The political party that implemented apartheid policies in South Africa

Pass Laws

Laws that restricted the movement of black South Africans and required them to carry identification documents

Homelands

Areas designated for black South Africans to live in, which were often overcrowded and lacked basic resources

Sharpeville Massacre

An incident in 1960 where police opened fire on unarmed protesters, killing 69 people

Nelson Mandela

__________ was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as the President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

The __________ was a court-like body established in South Africa after the end of apartheid to investigate human rights violations and promote healing and reconciliation between victims and perpetrators.

Cash Crop Economy

African nations were forced to rely on cocoa, coffee, and rubber as their main source of income before independence. This led to a dependence on foreign markets and little investment in other sectors. Foreign buyers often controlled the prices of these crops, resulting in exploitation and economic instability.

Darfur

________ is a region in western Sudan where a conflict between the government and rebel groups has resulted in widespread violence, displacement, and humanitarian crisis.

Desertification

The process of land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas due to various factors such as climate change, human activities, and natural disasters.

Developing Nation