AP Seminar Quiz Terms 8/5/24

rationality

rationality

Aristotle’s defining characteristic of humanity

logic

We should base our arguments off of

rational part of their soul

Plato believes that the best humans are guided by the

syllogism

a form of reasoning in which a conclusion is drawn from two premises; typically, the major premise and the minor premise.

Enthymeme

a rhetorical device where an argument is made with a missing premise that the audience is expected to fill in based on context or shared knowledge.

Plato believes that the best humans are guided by the rational part of their soul because

it helps keep the spirited and appetitive parts in check

Entailment

a relation between sentences where the truth of one sentence requires the truth of another. In logic, if sentence A entails sentence B, then whenever A is true, B must also be true.

the truth of the conclusion

When an argument is valid, the truth of the premises guarantees

can’t be false

Validity means that if your premises are true then your conclusion

one of the premises are false

You can have a valid argument with a false conclusion if

is likely to resemble the past

Induction relies on the assumption that the future

Extrapolate

the process of inferring or estimating something beyond the known information or data. It involves making predictions or drawing conclusions based on existing facts or trends.

Induction requires extrapolation because

it helps form broader conclusions from using similar situations

Abduction

figuring out the best explanation for something by eliminating other possible explanations until only the most plausible one remaines

possibly true

Inductive arguments has a conclusion that is

Occam’s razor

"simpler explanations are more likely to be correct and should be preferred than complex ones." It suggests that when faced with competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected.

interlocuter

a person who takes part in a conversation or dialogue with others.

The Socratic Method

a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between individuals based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas.

to find truth

The goal of a philosopher is not to win but

The Hegelian Dialetic

a philosophical method where a thesis and its antithesis are reconciled to form a synthesis, advancing understanding.

Mnemonic Device

a memory aid to understand information better through short phrases or patterns