Veterinary Pharmacology: Hormonal, Endocrine, and Reproductive Disorders

These flashcards cover key concepts, drugs, and mechanisms related to hormonal, endocrine, and reproductive disorders in veterinary pharmacology.

What organs or groups of cells secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream in the endocrine system?

Pituitary, Adrenals, Thyroid, Ovaries, Testicles, Pancreas, Kidneys.

What is the main function of hormones in the endocrine system?

To act as regulatory substances that affect various organs and tissues.

How does the endocrine system control bodily functions?

It works closely with the nervous system and is linked via the action of the hypothalamus.

What mechanism allows the plasma level of one hormone to control the activity of its own gland?

Feedback mechanism.

What is the primary purpose for giving hormones as medications?

To correct a deficiency or excess of a hormone and to obtain desired effects.

What are the 5 stages of the female reproductive estrus cycle?

Proestrus, Estrus, Metestrus, Diestrus, Anestrus.

What are the two phases of the estrus cycle?

Follicular phase (developing follicle & estrogen) and Luteal phase (corpus luteum & progesterone).

What is Gonadorelin?

Synthetic GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) used to treat cystic follicular ovaries.

What is the function of ECG/PMSG in veterinary medicine?

Used to stimulate estrus and ovulation in cows and mares.

What drug mimics the effects of LH in veterinary medicine?

hCG, used for stimulation of male hormone production.

What are the implications of administering hCG to mares during early pregnancy?

It can cause abortion.

What are estrogens and where are they produced?

Sex steroids produced by the ovarian follicle and placenta.

What are some uses for pharmaceutical estrogens in cattle?

To treat persistent corpus luteum and promote weight gain.

What effect do endogenous estrogens have on ovulation?

They inhibit ovulation.

Name an estrogen preparation used in veterinary medicine.

ECP (estradiol cypionate) injection.

What are androgens and their primary function?

Male sex hormones necessary for growth and development of male sex organs.

What veterinary product uses danazol and for what condition?

Danocrine is used to treat immune-mediated hemolytic anemia.

What is Neutersol and its purpose?

A nonsurgical sterilizing drug injected into the testicles of young dogs.

What do endogenous progestins do in dogs?

Used to block estrus and treat false pregnancy.

What is Megesterol Acetate used for in dogs?

To control estrus and treat false pregnancy.

What are prostaglandins and their role in reproduction?

They mediate various physiological events and regulate activity in the female reproductive tract.

What is PGF2α responsible for in the reproductive system?

Causes lysis of the corpus luteum, uterine contractions, and cervical relaxation.

What does the term 'euthyroid' refer to?

The state of having normal thyroid gland function.

What are the clinical signs of hypothyroidism in dogs?

Dull haircoat, weight gain, heat seeking behavior, lethargy, reproductive failure.

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

Supplementation of thyroid hormones on a daily basis.

What is the most common type of diabetes mellitus in dogs and cats?

Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent) due to inadequate secretion of insulin.

What primary agent is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus?

Insulin, which facilitates cellular uptake of glucose.

What are the signs of diabetes mellitus?

Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss.

How is insulin typically administered?

Subcutaneously or occasionally intramuscularly or intravenously.

What is the importance of matching insulin syringes to the insulin used?

To avoid dosing errors, as different insulin concentrations exist.

What do oral hypoglycemic agents do in Type II diabetes?

They stimulate tissues to respond to the insulin produced by beta cells.

What is the primary sex steroid used for weight gain in food animals?

Estrogen.

What is Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin (BST) used for?

To promote growth and increase milk production in dairy cattle.

What condition is often regulated with Trilostane?

Cushing's Disease (Hyperadrenocortism).

What is Addison’s disease often treated with?

Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (Percorten-V).