History of telegraph in communication

experiment (n) = research

A scientific test to discover something new or prove a theory.

Example: Nollet conducted an experiment to test how fast electricity could travel through metal wires.

wire (n) = metal line

A long thin piece of metal used to carry electricity.

Example: The monks were connected by pieces of iron wire.

communicate from a distance = long-distance communication

The act of sending information over far distances.

Example: People wanted to communicate from a distance to share news.

telegraphic arrangement = telegraph system

A device or setup for sending coded electrical messages.

Example: Wheatstone’s telegraphic arrangement was too expensive at first.

insulation (n) = material for insulating

A substance that prevents electricity from escaping.

Example: Gutta percha was used for cable insulation.

weighed down with lead pipe = increase the weight

To make heavier by adding material.

Example: The cable had to be weighed down with lead pipe.

voltage applied = when voltage was applied

The electrical force driving current through a wire. Example: The cable’s voltage differed from that at the sending end.

camels = animals used to carry cable

Animals adapted for desert transport.

Example: Camels were used in the dry interior to transport cables.

tropical rains = weather condition

Heavy rainfall typical of hot regions.

Example: Tropical rains flooded the construction teams.

instantaneously (adv) = in a very short time

Occurring immediately.

Example: News could reach Australia almost instantaneously.

critical

(adj) Quan trọng, then chốt

Finding a route through the mountains was a critical section.

propagation

(n) Sự truyền đi, lan truyền

The experiment showed the rapid propagation of electricity.

circumference

(n) Chu vi

The monks stood in a circle about a mile in circumference.

discharge

(v) Phóng điện

Nollet discharged a battery of Leyden jars through the human chain.

humane

(adj) Nhân đạo

A more humane detection system was needed for practical use.

electrometer

(n) Tĩnh điện kế

Nollet invented one of the first electrometers.

proficient

(adj) Thành thạo

Many people could become proficient in Morse code.

predecessor

(n) Người/vật tiền nhiệm

The optical telegraph was the predecessor of the electrical telegraph.

insulation

(n) Chất cách điện

Gutta percha was ideal for cable insulation.

impedance

(n) Trở kháng

The cable's impedance affected the signal quality.

undertaking

(n) Công việc lớn

The telegraph project was a massive undertaking.

instantaneously

(adv) Ngay lập tức

News could be received almost instantaneously.

clergyman

(n) Giáo sĩ

Nollet was a French clergyman and physicist.

semaphore

(n) Máy báo hiệu

European semaphore lines were built in the 18th century.

apparatus

(n) Thiết bị

They developed a new telegraphic apparatus.

optical

(adj) Quang học

The optical telegraph used visual signals.

propose

(v) Đề xuất

Many engineers proposed new telegraph designs.

native

(adj) Bản địa

The tree is native to Southeast Asia.

armoured

(adj) Bọc thép

The cable had an armoured outer layer.

parched

(adj) Khô hạn

Teams suffered in the parched desert