Observational Methods in Behavioral Research

These flashcards cover key concepts related to observational methods used in behavioral research, including definitions and distinctions between methods.

Quantitative Research

Research that focuses on variables that can be quantified, typically using large samples and statistical descriptions.

Qualitative Research

Research that focuses on behavior in natural settings, collecting nonnumerical or narrative data about small groups or in limited settings.

Naturalistic Observation

A descriptive method in which observations are made in a natural social setting, also known as field observation or ethnography.

Systematic Observation

Careful observation of one or more specific behaviors in a particular setting, with quantifiable observations recorded using a coding system.

Participant Observation

A method in which a researcher takes an active, insider role in what they are studying, which may yield unique data.

Reactivity

The possibility that the presence of the observer will affect people's behaviors, which can be mitigated by concealed observation.

Experience Sampling Method (ESM)

A research technique used to collect data in real time by alerting participants to complete a data collection procedure at that moment.

Case Study

An observational method that provides a detailed description of an individual, group, or situation, often leading to new hypotheses.

Archival Research

Research involving the analysis of previously compiled information to answer research questions, using statistical records, survey archives, and written documents.

Content Analysis

A systematic analysis of existing documents, requiring coding systems for quantifying the information contained.