Government Topic 9 Study Guide - Greene

citizen

a member of a state or nation who owes allegiance to it by birth or naturalization and is entitled to full civil rights

heterogenous

of another or different race, family or kind; composed of a mix of elements

alien

citizen of a foreign state who lives in this country

assimilation

process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture

expatriation

legal process by which a loss of citizenship occurs

integration

incorporating people of different races equally into society without separating the races from each other

denaturalization

process through which naturalized citizens may involuntarily lose their citizenship

de jure segregation

segregation authorized by law

de facto segregation

segregation that exists in fact, even if no law requires it

deportation

a legal process in which a person in the United States illegally is required to leave the country

refugee

one who leaves his or her homeland to seek protection from war, persecution, or some other danger

naturalization

the legal process by which citizens of one country become citizens of another

Loving v Virginia, which struck down interracial marriage is an example of what?

The Supreme Court taking a role in desegregation

Martin Luther King's efforts as a result of the 1964 Civil Rights Act resulted in what?

political change

What is the largest minority group in the United States?

Hispanic Americans

acquiring citizenship through individual naturalization

-individual naturalization of both parents automatically naturalizes children under the age of 16 who reside in the United States

-Adopted children born abroad are automatically naturalized if under 18 when the adoption becomes final

Collective Naturalization

when entire groups are naturalized, usually occurs by treaty or act/joint resolution of Congress

What is the rational basis test?

a test that examines classifications made by the government.

Why are gender discrimination cases different from racial discrimination cases?

The constitution makes little specific reference to gender

What is President Obama praising in the following quote:

"Today, thanks in no small part to the confidence and determination they developed through competitive sports and the work ethic they learned with their teammates, girls who play sports are more likely to excel in school. In fact, more women as a whole now graduate from college than men. This is a great accomplishment, not just for one sport or one college or even just for women but for America"

Title IX

In Reed v. Reed which stated that States may not choose the executor of an estate based solely on gender, is important why?

It was a series of decisions that marked how the courts looked at sex discrimination

Title IX

applied to all public and private schools that receive federal funds

Jus Soli (law of soil)

law that determines American citizenship of a child if they are born:

-In the US, Puerto Rico, Guam, US Virgin Islands, or Northern Mariana Islands

-At any US embassy

-Aboard a US public vessel anywhere in the world

Jus Sanguinis (law of blood)

law that determines American citizenship of a child on foreign soil if:

-Both parents are American citizens and at least one has lived in the US or American territory at some time

-One parent is an American citizen who has lived in the US for at least 5 years (2 of those years after age 14), and the child lived in the US continuously for at least 5 years between ages 14 and 28

Affirmative Action of the Supreme Court stated what?

they must undergo strict scrutiny

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

law that ended the country based quota established by the National Origins Act of 1929

What do affirmative action programs do?

remedy the effects of past discrimination

California v. Bakke

stated that race could be used as one of the many factors in considering academic admissions

Discrimination against African Americans

-Slavery

-Push for civil rights

-Continued discrimination every day

Discrimination against Native Americans

-Driven from lands

-Forced relocation to reservations

-Poverty, joblessness, and health issues such as shorter life spans

Discrimination against Hispanic Americans

-Voter restrictions and labor discrimination

-Deportations

-Anti-immigrant viewpoints directed at larger Hispanic American groups

Discrimination against Asian Americans

-Workplace violence

-Chinese exclusion Act

-World War II relocation camps

What is an example that is not grounds for losing one's American citizenship?

Marrying a citizen of a foreign country

"'The only good Indian is a dead Indian' is not simply a hackneyed expression from cowboy movies."—Thomas E. Patterson

Patterson is using the quote "The only good Indian is a dead Indian" to make the point that what?

Native Americans faced systematic elimination by white settlers as they moved west.

What is the law that established a 1 year amnesty program for illegal aliens and made it a crime to hire illegal aliens?

Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986

Describe in your own words the different ways in which people can become American citizens.

A person may acquire American citizenship either by birth or by naturalization. In the first case, the person must either be born physically in the United States (or its territories, embassies, or vessels), or, if born abroad, to parents who are citizens and who have lived in the United States for a period of time. (There are other more detailed rules for people born to single parents.) A person can become a naturalized citizen in two ways. The first is collective naturalization, wherein a large group of people are naturalized at the same time, such as when the United States acquires a new territory. The other way is individual naturalization, in which a person becomes a citizen after completing the application process and being investigated.

It is often said that the United States is a nation of immigrants. Does this statement remain true today, even though the country has numerous laws in place that limit immigration? Explain your reasoning

The United States is still "a nation of immigrants" because it welcomes hundreds of thousands of people from other countries into its borders each year. The fact that laws prevent individuals who, for example, might pose a danger to the nation's safety does not mean that the United States has lost its commitment to being a nation of immigrants.

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