Biology Year 11 Finals 1

Describe the 3 phases in Urinary Process, especially those that happen in the kidney !

• Filtration: Blood flows through the glomerulus, blood pressure pushes water and solutes from the capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule

• Reabsorption: The body reclaims necessary substances from the filtrate

• Secretion: Unwanted substances are actively secreted from the capillaries into the tubule to be added to the forming urine

Describe the Digestive Process in humans, including the organs involved !

The mouth secretes saliva with enzymes, the stomach secretes digestive acids, and the small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juices to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine, and waste is eliminated through the large intestine. The feces are stored in the rectum until they are eliminated through the anus. Organs involved include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum, and anus

Explain the Human Respiratory System, including the organs involved !

The human respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide. Air enters through the nose or mouth, passes through the throat, trachea, and bronchi, and reaches the lungs. Oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide is removed. Organs involved include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm

Mention 3 diseases of the Excretion System and give a short explanation !

• Urinary Tract Infection: A bacterial infection of the urinary tract that can affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra

• Renal Calculi: The formation of mineral stones in the kidneys that can cause severe pain and impaired kidney function.

• Renal Failure: Kidneys cannot perform their normal function of filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood

Mention 3 diseases of the Respiratory System and give a short explanation !

• Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs that causes inflammation of the alveoli

• Acute Respiratory Failure: Lungs cannot supply enough oxygen to the blood or remove carbon dioxide from the blood

• Asthma: A chronic disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways