geography- all year 7 stuff

all year 7 stuff

what was the world called when all continents were joined

Pangea

how was granite formed?

when magma cooled and solidified it formed this rock. it is a igneous rock

how was basalt formed?

volcano erupted and lava flows solidified on the earth’s surface. igneous

how was gniess formed?

granite was changed by intense heat and pressure. metamorphic

how was slate formed?

mud layers changed into slate rock under intense heat and pressure. metamorphic

how was limestone formed?

shells of dead sea creatures sunk to the bottom of shallow warm seas, building up in layers and becoming compressed. sedimentary

how was coal formed?

dead plants decayed and built up in layers in swamps becoming compressed. sedimentary

how was chalk formed?

shells of dead sea creatures sunk to the bottom of shallow warm seas building up in layers. sedimentary (same as limestone)

how was glacial till formed?

huge amounts of sediment were dropped on top of existing rocks

igneous rocks

are formed from volcanic activity when magma or lava cools

sedimentary rocks

are formed when sediment builds up inlayers usually on the sea floor

metamorphic rocks

are formed when the other rock types change due to heat and pressure

what is the oldest rock

gniess

weathering

the breakdown of rock by natural processes in situ (where it is).

freeze thaw weathering

when water goes into cracks in the rocks and freezes and expands causing the rock to split into jagged peices

onion skin weathering

when a rock is heated and cooled and expands and contracts causing the outer layer to peel away

biological weather

when plants or animals grow / burrow into holes in the rock. causing it to break up

chemical weathering

ordinary rainwater is slightly acidic and can cause some rock types to dissolve away

slope proccess

the downslope movement of loose sediment due to gravity

rockfall slope process

when pieces of rock on a cliff become loose and they fall or bounce to the bottom of the slope

slumping slope process

when a soft rock slope becomes unstable a mass of sediment slides downward rotating as it does

erosion

the wearing away and removal of of sediment. there are 4 agents of erosion : rivers, waves, ice and wind

hydraulic action erosion

the sheer force of river water and waves wearing away rocks

abrasion erosion

sediment carried by rivers and waves that removes more rock

solution erosion

river and sea water is slightly acidic, so it can dissolve and remove rocks

attrition erosion

sediment collides as being transported through rivers and waves causing it to become rounded and smaller

transportation

when sediment is moved by the agents of erosion. this sediment is called ‘load’

deposition

when an agent of erosion no longer has enough energy to support its load, deposition happens

porosity

how easily water can be absorbed

permeability

the ability of a material to allow water to pass through it via gaps and cracks

geology

the study of the solid world, and the rocks it is composed of

rock cycle

the fact that rocks do not stay the same forever and are continually changing because of different processes.

ordance survey (OS)

the national mapping agency of the UK.

scale

the ratio of a distance on a map to the corresponding distance on the ground

how is height and releif shown on a map

by using contour lines

what is a cross- section

line graphs that show a sideways view of a landscape

how do you draw a cross section

mark the heights on the graph and draw al line to connect

what is a 4 figure grid reference

a coordinate to show where something is on the map. for example: 24,28

what is a 6 figure grid reference

the 4 figure reference PLUS 2 more, to be more precise. for example; 243, 287

how can features be identified on a map

by using a key, and symbols to show what each feature is

give 2 factors that affect where shelter will be built

proximity to water, shelter

distance

the amount of space between 2 objects

direction

where something is pointing/ facing. North, East, South or West

relief

the variations in the height and elevation levels of the land's surface, including both the general unevenness and the difference in elevation between high and low points

contours

line on map that shows shape and steepness of the land

spot heights

a specific point on a map or chart where the exact elevation above sea level is indicated by a small number or symbol, often a dot with a number next to it

TASK!!! DO IT NOW!!!

look up landscapes on google. in revision book make a map, complete with landmarks, key and contour lines.

done!!

what is the usual scale for OS maps

1: 50,000 OR

1: 25,000

developed country

a country with a high wealth per person on average, with good health, education and where standard of living is high

developing country

a country with a lower wealth per person on average, with poorer health, and education and where standards of living are lower

standard of living

this refers to the broad level of wealth , comfort, and material goods in a country

quality of life

a measure of a person’s well-being - how happy and content they are with their lifestyle and environment

give 5 ways development can be measured

GDP, infant mortality, food intake, doctors per person, literacy rate

infant mortality rate

the number of children under the age of 1 who die

international aid

the giving of resources by one country or organisation to another country

government aid

aid given by one government to another

short term aid

emergency aid usually given in response to a disaster

voluntary aid

aid given by charities to a country

long term aid

resources given to improve the long term situation of a country

name 2 developed countrys

austrailia, germany

name 2 developing countrys

mali, india

primary economic activity

involves extracting natural resorces, e.g farming, fishing, mining

secondary economic activites

involves manufacturing a product, usually in a factory e.g car production, electronics manufacturing

tetriary economic activities

involves providing a service to the public or other companies e.g transport, health care and education

how does trade influence development

if a country exports highly wanted goods they will be richer as more countries will want to buy it and it will probably cost more compared to a country that exports a less wanted good, as less countries will want to trade with them so they will find it harder to earn money

fairtrade

ensures farmers and workers in developing countries receive fair prices, decent working conditions, and fair terms of trade, promoting sustainable practices and empowering them to improve their lives

GDP

the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders during a specific period, typically a year

GDP per capita

the total value of a country's goods and services (GDP) divided by its population, providing a measure of average economic output per person

exports

the items a country trades out

imports

the items a country trades in

interdependence

when 2 or more countrys rely on each other

geography

the study of the earth and the environment and the people on it

physical geography

the study of natural features of the world

environmental geography

the study of natural features of the world

human

human geography

the study of where and how people live

is a volcano human, physical or environmental geography

physical

is city life human, physical or environmental geography

human

is a beach human, physical or environmental geography

environmental

name 5 features that every map needs

a title, a key, scale

resource

something that is of use and value to people

natural resource

non human made

human made resource

manufactured by humans

learnt these?

go and learn the maps of europe, uk and the world