A&P Final Exam

Which nucleus in the medulla is connected to the inferior colliculus?

cochlear nucleus

What is the name of the topographical representation of the sensory input to the somatosensory cortex?

homunculus

What type of receptor cell is involved in the sensations of sound and balance?

mechanoreceptor

Axons from which neuron in the retina make up the optic nerve?

retinal ganglion cells

Which location on the body has the largest region of somatosensory cortex representing it, according to the sensory homunculus?

lips

Which region of the frontal lobe is responsible for initiating movement by directly connecting cranial and spinal motor neurons?

primary motor cortex

visual stimuli in the upper-left visual field will be processed in what region of the primary visual cortex?

inferior right

Which of these sensory modalities does not pass through the ventral posterior thalamus?

audition

Which functional division of the nervous system would be responsible for the physiological changes during exercise (increased heart rate & sweating)?

autonomic

What type of receptor requires an effector protein to initiate a signal?

metabotropic receptor

What ion enter a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane?

sodium

What is the target of an upper motor neuron?

lower motor neuron

Which of these locations is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of the shower?

cerebral cortex

Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain?

myelinated axons

What type of glia cell provides myelin for the axons in the tract?

oligodendrocyte

Which part of a neuron transmit an electrical signal to a target cell?

axon

What condition causes a stroke?

disruption of blood to the brain

Which cranial nerve does not control functions int he hand and neck?

vagus

Which adult structure(s) Aries from the diencephalom?

thalamus, hypothalamus, retina

What region of the spinal cord contains motor neurons that direct the movement of skeletal muscles?

anterior horn

What type of glial cell is responsible for filtering blood to produce CSF at the choroid plexus?

ependymal cell

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for generating motor commands?

frontal

What region of the diencephalon coordinates homeostasis?

hypothalamus

Which extrapyramidal tract incorporates equilibrium sensations with motor commands to aid in posture and movement?

vestibulospinal tract

What type of reflex can protect the foot when painful stimuli is sensed?

withdrawal reflex

What type of receptor cll is responsible for transdusing pain stimuli?

nociceptor

Which region of gray matter in the spinal cord contains motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscles?

ventral horn

Which sub modality of taste is sensitive to the pH of saliva?

sour

Which of the following is probably going to propagate an action potential fastest?

a thick, myelinated axon

How much change in the membrane potential is necessary for the summation of postsynaptic potential to result in an action potential being generated?

+15 mV

Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus?

soma

Which portion of the ventricular system is found within the diencephalon?

third ventricle

Aside from the nervous system, which other organ system develops out of the ectoderm?

integumentary

Which structure is associated with the embryologic development of the peripheral nervous system?

neural crest

What type of ganglion contains neurons that control homeostatic mechanisms of the body?

autonomic ganglion

Which of the following is a direct target of the vestibular ganglion?

cerebellum

What blood vessel enters the cranium to supply the brain with fresh, oxygenated blood?

internal carotid artery

What condition causes a stroke?

disruption of blood to the brain

Which of these cranial nerves is part of the gustatory system?

facial

What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the blood-brain barrier?

microglia

If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?

molecules

Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

nerve

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with inhibition exclusively?

GABA

Which layer of the meninges surrounds and supports the sinus that form the route through which blood drains from the CNS?

dura mater

What level of the brain stem is the major input to the cerebellum?

pons

Which primary vesicle of the embryonic nervous system does not differentiate into more vesicles at the secondary stage?

mesencephalon

Which type of fiber could be considered the longest?

preganglionic parasympathetic

Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response?

increased stomach motility

What does a ligand-gated channel require in order to open?

building of a neurotransmitter