Kohlberg stages

The first level

Pre - Conventional

Pre - conventional level explained

right and wrong determined by what avoids punishment

stage 1

fear of punishment

stage 2 

desire for reward 

stage 2 desire for reward explained

getting rewards or fair exchanges. I’ll help you if you help me. what do i get out of this? using others as a means to an end

The second level

conventional 

the second level conventional explained

moral decisions based on social rules and seeking approval

stage 3

social conformady

stage 3 social conformady explained

behavior is good if it pleases others or gains approval

stage 4 

society (obedient to the law) law and order

stage 4 explained

obeying laws and respecting authority to maintain social order. “I shouldn’t steal because its against the law"

the third level

post-conventional

the third level post conventional explained

moral decisions based on abstract principles and universal ethics beyond laws

stage 5

social contract and individual rights

stage 5 explained

laws are social contracts meant to promote the greatest good but can be changed if they don’t

stage 6

universal ethical principles

stage 6 explained

guided by internal principles even if they conflict with laws (justice,equallity, human rights) i would help someone even if it breaks the law because its the right thing to do

Maslows Hierarchy of needs in order

1. physiological needs 

2. security needs 

3. social needs

4. esteem needs 

5. self-actualizing needs

physiological needs

physical requirements for human survival

examples: clothings,shelter, air, food water.

security needs

includes law and order and general stability. not as critical for survival as physiological needs.

examples: employment (financial security), protection against fear harm, or illness

social needs

need to feel sense of belonging and acceptance. have your people/ community. seek through social interactions with boyfriend or family. the need to love and be loved by others

examples: clubs, sports teams, gangs, office culture. 

esteem needs

self respect, self confidence, healthy self regard. sense of contributing to society. need for respect of others, need for status, recognition, prestige, and attention. the need for self respect, mastery

examples: hobby or profession to gain recognition

self-actualizing needs

achieve goals and dreams. the desire to accomplish everything one can to become the most they can be

Emma wins an award for her athletic success.

esteem needs

Claudia stays up late to FaceTime her best friend.

social need Belongingness and Love Needs

Brooklyn calls her mom while walking alone in the dark.

security need safety need

Sam dyes his hair and gets a mohawk to match his teammates.

social need belongingness and love need

Claire double-checks the alarm while babysitting.

security and safety need

Owen studies extra to keep his perfect grade.

esteem need

Bob makes a major scientific breakthrough at work.

self actualizing

Drew feels proud hearing his parents praise him.

esteem need

Terri uses an app to track her water intake.

physiological needs