Unit 2: Networks of Trade

1200-1450

What was governance like?

towns dominated by burghers, more interdependent than Feudalism

Hanseatic League

alliacne formed on economic basis

Gothic style

Flying buttresses, etc. designed to draw people to God

Crusades

intended to convert Muslims/non-Christians to Christianity

Pope Innocent III

persecuted Jews and heretics

Pope Gregory IX

persecution of heretics (Inquisition)

Thomas Aquinas

Summa Theologica

Baghdad, Chang’an, Merv

prosperous cities along trade routes

Mongols

• tribes unified under Genghis Khan, invaded China

• Pax Mongolica under Kublai Khan

• assimilated to cultures of the people they conquered

• postal systems, tax breaks

Golden Horde

conquered Russia

Islamic / West African trade

Islam, Islamic goods, gold

Sonni Ali

founded Songhai Empire after the fall of the Mali

Song Dynasty (capital Hangzhou)

• Confucian civil service exams

• powerful navy

• movable type

• Champa rice

• gunpowder, magnetic compass, sternpost rudders, watertight bulkheads

Major trade encounters

• Hanseatic League

• Silk Road (revived by Mongols, connected China/mediterranean)

• Mongol land routes

• Chinese/Japanese trade

• Indian/Persian trade

• Trans-Saharan trade routes (west Africa/Islamic empires)

Indian Ocean Trade

controlled by Persians/Arabs, connected West India, Persian Gulf, Eastern Africa

Samarkand, Kashgar

trading towns

Feudalism

isolated Japan/Europe, declined after Bubonic Plague

Xuanzang

Chinese Buddhist Monk, traveledatom India and spread culture

Ibn Battuta

Muslim traveler that spread beliefs

Margery Kempe

English Christian traveler