Cardiology Part I

A & P II

Name the 3 functions of blood

transportation, regulation, and protection

Define pathogen

microorganisms that cause disease (lymphocytes fight these)

Define Centrifuge

spinning the blood at a high rate until it separates; the heaviest components go to the bottom

In “Functions of the Blood”, transportation means

materials that are transported by the blood include hormones, nutrients, waste products, and gasses

In “Functions of the Blood”, regulation means

the blood contributes to the regulation of fluid, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, & body temp

In “Functions of the Blood”, protection means

the blood helps protect against pathogens & provides a blood clotting mechanism that prevents excess loss of blood after injuries 

Name the 3 Compositions of Blood

plasma, buffy coat, & hemacrit

Plasma contains what ____, ____, _____, ____.

water, protein, nutrients, and hormones

The buffy coat contains what ____ & ____.

WBCs & platelets

Hemacrit contains what?

RBCs

Name the 3 main characteristics of blood

amount, color, and viscosity

Amount is known as…

the average amount of blood a person has which is 4-6 liters

Color is described as….

• arterial blood being bright red due to high levels of oxygen

• venous blood is dull red due to having less oxygen

Viscosity is describe as….

how blood is 3x thicker than water

What are the two major components of blood?

plasma and formed elements (cells)

The ____ part of plasma allows nutrients to be absorbed in the…

water….digestive tract 

Which nutrients are absorbed in the digestive tract?

glucose, amino acids, vitamins, & minerals

(these are all circulated in the plasma; plasma is in the blood)

Plasma circulates waste products such as ___ & ____ are circulated in the kidneys and excreted in ____.

urea & creatine……..urine

RBSs are also called….

WBCs are also called….

Platelets are also called…..

erythrocytes

lymphocytes

thrombocytes

How are RBCs shape described?

as biconcave discs w/ a shallow center

4 facts about RBCs

1) the only human cell w/o a nucleus

2) the nucleus desenagrates as the RBC  matures and isn’t needed for normal function

3) contains the protein hemoglobin which has the ability to carry oxygen

4) each RBC contains approx. 300 million hemoglobin molecules & each molecule can bind to 4 oxy molecules

The structure of hemoglobin is made up of….

• 2 alpha polypeptide chains & 2 beta polypeptide chains w/ iron containing heme group in the middle

(the heme group gives it its red color)

Name the 5 types of WBCs.

neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte

How is plasma described in this chapter?

it’s the liquid portion of blood & made up of 91% water

has plasma proteins such as albumin, globulins, & fibrinogen

3 facts for Albumin & then why is it important

1) most abundant plasma protein

2) produced by the liver

3)contributes to the osmotic pressure of the blood which pulls tissue fluid into capillaries 

-It’s important because it helps maintain normal blood volume and blood pressure

Name the three Globulins proteins

alpha, beta, and gamma

Describe the Gamma protein

• they are antibodies produced by lymphatic

• the antibodies are labels that initiate the destruction of pathogens & provide us with immunity

Describe the Alpha & Beta protein

are produced by the liver and act as carriers for molecules such as fat