1/4
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Regular rate (Normal)
Tachycardia (>100bmp)
Bradycardia (<60 bpm) (Abnormal)
Investigated via Auscultation to chest
Regular rhythm (Normal)
Irregular Irregular Rhythm = Atrial Fibrillation (Abnormal)
Investigated via Auscultation to chest
Heart sounds normal (Normal)
Murmurs = e.g. 2/6 systolic ejection murmur
Rubs = Pericarditis
Gallops = Ventricular failure/ hypertrophy
Extrasystoles (Abnormal)
Investigated via Auscultation to chest
2+ (Easily palpable/normal) (Normal)
0 = Absent pulse
1+ = Barely palpable
3+ = Full
4+ = Bounding/Aneurysmal (Abnormal)
Investigated via palpitating pulse in a specific location
Carotid - Neck
Radial - Wrist
Femoral - Groin
Dorsalis Pedis (DP)- Top of the foot
Posterior Tibial (PT)- Back of the ankle
Capillary Refill less than 2 seconds (Normal)
Delayed capillary refill = decreased blood flow or dehydration (Abnormal)
Investigated Visually (presses on fingers or toes)