Biology I Lab Final Exam Review

Total magnification

Calculated as the product of the objective lens magnification and the ocular lens magnification. (10x objective) X (10x ocular) = 100X total magnification

Iodine test

A chemical test that turns blue-black from brown in the presence of starch.

Benedict's test

A test that indicates the presence of reducing sugars like glucose by changing color from blue to green, yellow, or brick-red.

Sudan IV test

A test for lipids that results in red globules formed in the presence of fat.

Biuret test

A chemical test for proteins that turns violet in their presence.

Prokaryotic cell

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Hypertonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater outside the cell than inside.

Hypotonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less outside the cell than inside.

Catalysts

Substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process.

Denaturation

The process in which an enzyme's structure is altered, affecting its activity.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods with carbon dioxide and water.

Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, producing gametes.

Monohybrid cross

A genetic cross involving one trait.

Dihybrid cross

A genetic cross involving two traits.

Natural selection

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Hardy-Weinberg Law

A principle that specifies the conditions under which allele frequencies in a population remain constant.

Why were control (standard) tubes used?

To act as a reference for the other tubes/se what color change should be.

Bacillus

rod shaped bacteria (prokaryote)

Spirillum

corkscrew shaped bacteria (prokaryote)

coccus

sphere shaped bacteria (prokaryote)