Unit 1 | Bio Basics: Cells, Viruses, DNA Dive

If you lose a ____, you lose the ____

If you lose a structure, you lose the function.

Name the information flow a.k.a the Central Dogma

DNA → RNA →proteins

In the Central Dogma, what is the DNA → RNA process called?

DNA → RNA = Transcription

RNA → DNA = Reverse Transcription

What can be found in the nucleus?

DNA

In the Central Dogma, what is the RNA → Proteins called?

Translation

Why does the DNA need to go through transcription and transform into RNA?

Since the DNA is found in the nucleus, it has a barrier around it which prevents it from going out directly to share its information / DNA duplicate, so, by going through transcription and transforming its copy into RNA, the information can be taken out of the nucleus transported to where it’s needed. This nucleus barrier algo helps prevent DNA mutations.

What changed to long standing belief of the Central Dogma? (DNA → RNA → Proteins)

HIV. It was found that HIV was able to do reverse transcription, which allowed it to directly mutate a person’s DNA.

Why is RNA unstable?

RNA mutates a lot; therefore, it is unstable.

What are the only two viruses that have been completely eradicated and why?

Smallpox and Rinderpest (veterinarian virus) | Vaccines

What is Antibiotic Resistance and how is it shared amongst bacteria?

A bacteria’s ability to resist antibiotics. Shared via information flow with other bacteria in an effort to gain complete resistance to whatever type of antibiotic is present.