Unit 2 law test

dealing with education and culture

UNESCO

world bank and international monetary fund

IMF

international labour organization

ILO

world health organization

WHO

international civil aviation organization

ICAO

provides aid to children

UNICEF

treaties designed to prevent nuclear war by reducing the production of nuclear weapons

Arms control

when theres no extradition treaty, a safe place to stay may be offered to that citizen

Asylum

treaty law between two countries

Bi-lateral

treaties which set up international organizations

charter

states are bound by international law as long as they give consent; a country forced to sign an agreement out of fear wont be recognized by other countries

consent

treaties organized by many countries which other countries can join later

convention

treaties that exist between countries where someone needs to be sent to their home country to face criminal charges

extradition

countries cant claim ownership of the high seas and airspace above the seas; countries can interfere with shipping only during a war

freedom of the seas

states are expected to be reasonable and use common sense in the way they interpret international law

good faith

respect for interests of human kind such as providing aid in cases of famine or natural disasters

humanitarianism

the hague netherlands judicial court of the UN

international court of justice

comes from 1945 Nuremburg trials which put NAZI Germany leadership on trial

where does the basis of International law come from (think of Int court of justice)

crime against peace, war crimes, crimes against humanity

3 classes of int court of justice crimes

expected to respect international law or face penalties or provide compensation

International responsibility

treaties among 3 or more countries

multi-lateral

china, US, russia, france, Great Britain

permanent members of the UN

treaties that add to earlier treaties

protocol

1997 kyoto protocol on global warming; goal to reduce carbon emissions by 5% below 1990 levels

example of protocol

step 3 of treaty-making, approve the treaty. commits all states to follow the treaty.

ratification

new states gain recognition as sovereign nations by being recognized by other countries

recognition

statements considered non-binding. issued to raise issues which may lead to more concrete actions eg. future treaties

resolutions/soft law

countries have the right to defend themselves from attacks. one country attacking another is committing an act of aggression and in violation of international law.

self-defense

absolute right for a country to govern itself; govern, create laws, apply laws over its territory at the exclusion of other states; all sovereign states have equal status. 195 countries including Vatican city and Palestine

sovereignty

binding written agreements which detail the rights and obligations they have to each other

treaties

195 members, vote on non-binding resolutions even though passed resolutions aren't enforceable, they carry great moral authority

UN general assembly

Antonio Guterres responsible for administration of the UN and is the UN's voice

UN secretary general

15 members (5 permanent 10 not) can arrange cease-fire between 2 warring countries; can authorize use of force to end conflict or maintain peace. can also impose economic sanctions

UN security council