evolutionary theory

does evolution have a direction ?

no

how many years ago did the prokaryotic kingdom emerge ?

3.5bil

when did higher order species emerge ?

2.7bil

what is the Cambrian Explosion ?

period of rapid evolution and emergence of animal phyla

how long did the Cambrian Explosion last ?

20 - 25mil years

when did dinosaurs become extinct ?

end of Cretaceous period

when did anatomically modelled homosapiens emerge ?

200-400,000 years ago

how many complete bacterial genomes can be sequenced in 5 days ?

96

when was the human genome project “finished” ?

2003

what was the first plant genome to be sequenced ?

arabidopsis thaliana

what was the first bacterial genome to be sequenced ?

Streptomyces coelicolor

what RNA virus has the highest mutational rate ?

HepC

when was the first ebola outbreak ?

2015

Ebola is an example of what ?

zoonotic disease

who was the first to draw a phylogenetic tree ?

Darwin

modern phylogenetic trees are drawn using what alone ?

molecular data

the horizontal lines on phylogenetic trees are called ?

branches

a node on a phylogenetic tree indicates

last common ancestor

what is the root of a phylogenetic tree called ?

basal divergence point

what are the 3 kingdoms of life ?

bacteria archae eukaryota

what is the original basal divergence point called ?

LUCA

how old is LUCA thought to be ?

4.25bil

who first discovered fossil evidence ?

Cuvier

1923 Butler Act

creationist - prohibited teaching of evolutionary theory in universities

how do archaea and bacteria differ ?

bacterial walls contain peptidoglycan, archaea more closely related to eukaryotes

aristotle

rudimentary groupings of organisms

what is the Scala Naturae theory ?

ladder like arrangement, no extinction or creation, fixed no variation

Lamarck’s theory of evolution

internal driving force causing change in animals triggered by environmental cue - giraffe