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does evolution have a direction ?
no
how many years ago did the prokaryotic kingdom emerge ?
3.5bil
when did higher order species emerge ?
2.7bil
what is the Cambrian Explosion ?
period of rapid evolution and emergence of animal phyla
how long did the Cambrian Explosion last ?
20 - 25mil years
when did dinosaurs become extinct ?
end of Cretaceous period
when did anatomically modelled homosapiens emerge ?
200-400,000 years ago
how many complete bacterial genomes can be sequenced in 5 days ?
96
when was the human genome project “finished” ?
2003
what was the first plant genome to be sequenced ?
arabidopsis thaliana
what was the first bacterial genome to be sequenced ?
Streptomyces coelicolor
what RNA virus has the highest mutational rate ?
HepC
when was the first ebola outbreak ?
2015
Ebola is an example of what ?
zoonotic disease
who was the first to draw a phylogenetic tree ?
Darwin
modern phylogenetic trees are drawn using what alone ?
molecular data
the horizontal lines on phylogenetic trees are called ?
branches
a node on a phylogenetic tree indicates
last common ancestor
what is the root of a phylogenetic tree called ?
basal divergence point
what are the 3 kingdoms of life ?
bacteria archae eukaryota
what is the original basal divergence point called ?
LUCA
how old is LUCA thought to be ?
4.25bil
who first discovered fossil evidence ?
Cuvier
1923 Butler Act
creationist - prohibited teaching of evolutionary theory in universities
how do archaea and bacteria differ ?
bacterial walls contain peptidoglycan, archaea more closely related to eukaryotes
aristotle
rudimentary groupings of organisms
what is the Scala Naturae theory ?
ladder like arrangement, no extinction or creation, fixed no variation
Lamarck’s theory of evolution
internal driving force causing change in animals triggered by environmental cue - giraffe
