AP Euro Unit 2 Review (1450-1648)

Flashcards covering key concepts and terminology from the Protestant Reformation and related topics in AP European History.

Papal Palace in Avignon

The residence of the popes in France, where they focused on consolidating power rather than spiritual well-being.

Simony

The buying and selling of church offices, leading to corruption within the Catholic Church.

Indulgences

Certificates offered by the Catholic Church that reduced time in purgatory, often sold to finance church projects.

Sola Scriptura

The doctrine that scripture alone is the final authority for Christians, challenging papal authority.

The 95 Theses

A document written by Martin Luther outlining his complaints against the Catholic Church.

Predestination

The doctrine established by John Calvin that states God has already decided who will be saved or damned.

Theocracy

A system of government in which priests rule in the name of God, as exemplified by Calvin's Geneva.

Defenestration of Prague

The act of throwing Ferdinand's messengers out a window, sparking the Thirty Years' War.

Peace of Augsburg

A treaty that allowed princes in the Holy Roman Empire to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.

The Edict of Nantes

A decree that established France as a Catholic state while granting Huguenots freedom to worship.

Council of Trent

A significant meeting of Catholic leaders aimed at addressing issues raised by the Protestant Reformation.

Transubstantiation

The Catholic belief that during Mass, the bread and wine become the actual body and blood of Christ.

Mannerism

An artistic style that emerged as a response to the Protestant Reformation, characterized by distorted figures and emotional intensity.

Baroque style

An art movement that combined classical ideals with heightened religious fervor, emphasizing emotion and drama.

Jesuit Order

A Catholic religious order founded to educate Catholics and combat Protestantism.

The Anabaptists

A radical Protestant group that advocated for adult baptism and separation of church and state.