6 Cell Structure & Organelles

Study.com College Biology 101

Transcription

The process of making an RNA copy out of a stretch of DNA Takes place in the nucleus

Mitochondria

Organelles surrounded by outer and inner membranes that are responsible for the creation of energy from food through the process of cellular respiration

Structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Found by the nucleus and arranged as tubes of membrane Inside is known as the lumen Two types: rough ER (contains ribosomes) and smooth ER (builds steroids and lipids)

Nuclear Envelope

A structure made up of an inner and outer (double) membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus

Ribosome

Small structure found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum Made up of a large and a small subunit The site of translation (protein building)

Chloroplast

A cell organelle only found in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs Made up of thylakoids (stacked together into grana) found within a liquid chamber called the stroma

Cell Wall

Found on the outside of plant cells Serves as a protective barrier Controls the transport of materials Made primarily of the sugar cellulose

Eukaryotic Cell

Composed of a nucleus (to store the cell's DNA) as well as other membrane-bound organelles, such as the mitochondria Organisms with these types of cells are called eukaryotes

Prokaryotic Cell

Does not have a nucleus or other organelles with membranes Classified as either bacteria or archaea Organisms with these types of cells are called prokaryotes

Endomembrane System

Made up of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus Acts like the post office of the cell by packing, addressing, and delivering substances around and out of the cell

Cytoskeleton

The skeleton of the cell Important for holding the shape of a cell, allowing for movement, and holding organelles in place Made up of microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments

Bacteriophage

A type of virus that can only use bacteria as a host