Obesity and Diabetes

A series of flashcards covering key concepts related to obesity and diabetes, as presented in the lecture.

Obesity

A condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that a person’s health may be adversely impacted.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measurement calculated as mass(kg)/(height(m))², used to classify individuals as overweight or obese.

Weight classifications

A BMI of 25.0-29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30.0 and above is considered obese.

Skin fold thickness

A method to measure subcutaneous fat by measuring skin folds with calipers.

Waist circumference

A measurement to determine obesity risk based on waist size.

Bio-impedance

A technique that measures the impedance of electric current through the body to estimate body fat.

Prevalence of obesity in Canada

Approximately 26% of adults and 25% of youth are living with obesity.

Social determinants of health

Factors like education and income that influence the rates of obesity in populations.

Diabetes

A medical condition characterized by high blood glucose levels either due to insufficient insulin or ineffective use of insulin.

Insulin resistance

A condition where the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, often associated with obesity.

Hyperglycaemia

A condition of elevated blood glucose levels typically seen in diabetes.

Ketoacidosis

A severe condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes, characterized by a build-up of acids (ketone bodies) due to fat being used for energy.

Macrovascular complications

Health issues affecting large blood vessels, commonly associated with diabetes.

Microvascular complications

Health issues affecting small blood vessels, often leading to retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes

A form of diabetes that occurs when the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, usually developing in childhood.

Type 2 diabetes

A form of diabetes characterized by insulin insensitivity, commonly developing in adulthood.

Diabetes prevalence in Indigenous populations

Rates of diabetes are significantly higher among First Nations, with 17.2% prevalence on-reserve.

Economic cost of diabetes

The total cost of diabetes in Canada was estimated at $5 billion in 2010, with greater healthcare costs for those with diabetes.