Vertebral Motion Segments

What is a static listing?

-Based on a "bone out of place" concept describing malpositions relative to normal position

-Implies a restriction, but maybe there isn't one

-Based on position of a reference landmark (Vertebral body, SP, TP, etc.)

What is another name for a malposition?

Misalignment

What occurs when there is an Extension Misalignment?

Vertebral body has more space anteriorly

What occurs when there is a Flexion Misalignment?

Vertebral body has more space posteriorly

What occurs when there is a Left Lateral Flexion Misalignment?

Vertebral body has more space on the right side (leaning to the left)

What occurs when there is a Right Lateral Flexion Misalignment?

Vertebral body has more space on the left (leaning to the right)

What occurs when there is a Right Rotation Misalignment?

Vertebral body is rotated to the right (SP is left of center)

What is another name for a Right Rotation Misalignment?

PL Spinous

What occurs when there is a Left Rotation Misalignment?

Vertebral body is rotated to the left (SP is right of center)

What is another name for a Left Rotation Misalignment?

PR Spinous

What occurs when Retrolisthesis is present?

Vertebral body is shifted backwards off the vertebrae below

What occurs when Anterolisthesis is present?

Vertebral body is shifted forward off the vertebrae below

What occurs when Right Laterolisthesis is present?

Vertebral body is shifted to the right off the vertebrae below

What occurs when Left Laterolisthesis is present?

Vertebral body is shifted to the left off the vertebrae below

What occurs when Decreased Disc Space is present?

Distance between vertebral bodies is decreased

What occurs when Increased Disc Space is present?

Distance between vertebral bodies is increased

What is a motion listing?

-Based on what is wrong with the mobility of a motion segment

-Describes restriction of motion segments between the superior vertebra relative to inferior vertebra

-Doesn't include a malposition, but an assumption can be made one is present

What occurs when a Flexion Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in extension

Flexion Restriction is the same as what?

Extension Misalignemnt

What occurs when a Extension Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in flexion

Extension Restriction is the same as what?

Flexion Misalignment

What occurs when a Right Lateral Flexion Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in left lateral flexion

Right Lateral Flexion Restriction is the same as what?

Left lateral flexion misalignment

What occurs when a Left Lateral Flexion Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in right lateral flexion

Left Lateral Flexion Restriction is the same as what?

Right lateral flexion misalignment

What occurs when a Right Rotation Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in left rotation

Right Rotation Restriction is the same as what?

Left rotation misalignment or PR Spinous

What occurs when a Left Rotation Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in right rotation

Left Rotation Restriction is the same as what?

Right rotation misalignment or PL Spinous

What occurs when a P-A Glide Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in a posterior position

Posterior to Anterior Glide Restriction is the same as what?

Retrolisthesis

What occurs when an A-P Glide Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in a anterior position

Anterior to Posterior Glide Restriction is the same as what?

Anterolisthesis

What occurs when a R-L Glide Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in a right position

Right to Left Glide Restriction is the same as what?

Right Laterolisthesis

What occurs when a L-R Glide Restriction is present?

Vertebra is stuck in a left position

Left to Right Glide Restriction is then same as what?

Left Laterolisthesis

What occurs when a I-S Glide Restriction (Distraction Restriction) is present?

Vertebra is stuck in an inferior position

Inferior to Superior Glide Restriction is the same as what?

Decreased disc space

What occurs when a S-I Glide Restriction (Compression Restriction) is present?

Vertebra is stuck in a superior position

Superior to Inferior Glide Restriction is the same as what?

Increased disc space

What plane does Flexion and Extension occur in?

Sagittal plane

What plane does Lateral Flexion occur in?

Coronal plane

What plane does Rotation occur in?

Transverse plane

What axis does Flexion and Extension occur around?

X-axis

What axis does Lateral Flexion occur around?

Z-axis

What axis does Rotation occur around?

Y-axis

A flexion restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

+ Θ X (rotation) restriction

A extension restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

- Θ X (rotation) restriction

A right lateral flexion restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

+ Θ Z (rotation) restriction

A left lateral flexion restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

- Θ Z (rotation) restriction

A left rotation restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

+ Θ Y (rotation) restriction

A right rotation restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

- Θ Y (rotation) restriction

A P-A glide restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

+ Z (translation) restriction

A A-P glide restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

-Z (translation) restriction

A R-L glide restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

+X (translation) restriction

A L-R glide restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

-X (translation) restriction

An I-S glide restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

+Y (translation) restriction

A S-I glide restriction is equivalent to what orthogonal direction?

-Y (translation) restriction

Flexion misalignment

Static listing

Flexion Restriction

+θX rotation restriction (motion listing)

Extension Misalignment

Static listing

Extension Restriction

-ΘX rotation restriction (motion listing)

Left Lateral Flexion Malposition

Static listing

Right Lateral Flexion Restriction

+ΘZ rotation restriction (motion listing)

Right Lateral Flexion Misalignment

Static listing

Left Lateral Flexion Restriction

-ΘZ rotation restriction (motion listing)

PR Spinous or Left Rotation Misalignment

Static listing

Right rotation restriction

-ΘY rotation restriction (motion listing)

PL Spinous or Right Rotation Misalignment

Static listing

Left Rotation Restriction

+ΘY rotation restriction (motion listing)

Retrolisthesis

Static listing

P-A glide restriction

+Z translation restriction (motion listing)

Anterolisthesis

Static listing

A-P glide restriction

-Z translation restriction (motion listing)

Right Laterolisthesis

Static listing

R-L glide restriction

+X translation restriction (motion listing)

Left Laterolisthesis

Static listing

L-R glide restriction

-X translation restriction (motion listing)

Decreased disc space

Static listing

I-S glide restriction (distraction)

+Y translation restriction (motion listing)

Increased disc space

Static listing

S-I glide restriction (compression)

-Y translation restriction (motion listing)