PLTW Principles of Biomedical Science Midterm (1.1)

use this for studying for the PLTW biomed midterm

Cortex

second deepest region of hair

Cuticle

the outermost layer of hair that protects the inner layers.

Medulla

the innermost layer of hair, responsible for its strength and flexibility.

Arch

Whorl

Loop

Minutae

Unique ridge patterns on fingerprints used for identification.

Trace Evidence

Physical evidence such as hair, fibers, or paint that can link a suspect to a crime scene.

Heart Rate

The number of times the heart beats per minute, indicating cardiovascular health and physical fitness.

Blood Pressure

The force of blood exerted against the walls of blood vessels, measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It is an important indicator of cardiovascular health.

Respiratory Rate

The number of breaths taken per minute, reflecting lung function and overall respiratory health.

Skin Conductivity

the measurement of the electrical conductance of the skin

Experimental Design

1. identify the question

2. make a prediction

3. design an experiment

4. conduct the experiment

5. analyze the data

6. communicate findings

Experiment

a scientific procedure undertaken to test a hypothesis or demonstrate a known fact.

Hypothesis

a testable prediction about the relationship between variables.

Control

a standard for comparison in an experiment that ensures that the results are due to the variable being tested.

Independent Variable

the factor that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

the factor that is measured or observed in an experiment to assess the effect of the independent variable.

A antigens

Antigens in type A blood

B antigens

type of antigen in B blood

A and B antigens

antigens in AB blood

No antigens

antigens in O blood

B antibodies

antibodies in A blood

A antibodies

types of antibodies in B blood

No antibodies

antibodies in AB blood

A and B antibodies

antibodies in O blood

Red blood cells

cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. Contains hemoglobin

White blood cells

Cells in the blood that defend against illness

platelets

cells in the blood responsible for clotting to prevent bleeding

Plasma

liquid in the blood that maintains blood pressure and transports cells

agglutination

the clumping of red blood cells

A

the nitrogenous base that pairs with T

C

Nitrogenous base that pairs with G

ATTACGGA

TAATGCCT

complementary DNA sequence

Parts of DNA

Phosphate group, Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base, covalent bond, hydrogen bond

Nucleotide

pentagon is deoxyribose, circle is phosphate. (covalent bond is outside, hydrogen bond is inside)

Eukaryotic cell

Cell that contains a nucleus, part of a multicellular organism

prokaryotic cell

an organism that lacks a distinct nucleus or any other organelles

Nucleus

the structure (organelle) in a cell that contains the DNA of the cell.

DNA

The genetic information that contains the instructions on what proteins to create, how something looks, and its function

Chromosome

bundles of DNA wrapped around a protein called histones.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A process where certain parts of DNA are duplicated over and over again so you are able to analyze it.

Restriction enzyme

protein that cuts a specific part of DNA in PCR

recognition site

the sequence of DNA that restriction enzymes recognize and cut

restriction digest

The process where a restriction enzyme cuts a section of DNA

RFLP

the resulting fragment of DNA that is left after a restriction enzyme cuts the DNA

Gel electrophoresis

The process where DNA is put into Agarose gel and is sort by the amount of base pairs the DNA has. The DNA is dragged to the end of the gel using electromagnetic charges.

Negative

the charge the DNA in gel electrophoresis has

positive

the charge the gel in gel electrophoresis has