LEC 2.1 LEC BIOL 2240

These flashcards cover key concepts, anatomical structures, and functions related to the digestive system, specifically focusing on the foregut anatomy and its functions.

The function of the digestive system includes providing body cells with nutrients for __ processes.

metabolic

Taking in food and liquid into the mouth is known as __.

ingestion

The process of moving substances through the GI tract is called __.

propulsion

Mechanical digestion involves __ food using chewing, tearing, or grinding.

breaking down

Chemical digestion occurs when large molecules are broken down into __ ones.

small

The movement of nutrients into the blood is referred to as __.

absorption

The removal of indigestible substances from the body is called __.

defecation

The hollow muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus is known as the __.

gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut tube

The foregut extends from the mouth to the __.

duodenum

The midgut extends from the jejunum to the left colic flexure of the __.

transverse colon

The hindgut extends from the descending colon to the __.

rectum

The __ is a passageway for both air and food and aids in swallowing.

pharynx

The __ is a muscular tube responsible for propelling food down to the stomach.

esophagus

The __ is the large muscular sac that stores food and aids in mechanical digestion.

stomach

The __ connects the stomach to the duodenum and acts as a valve to control food passage.

pyloric sphincter

The visceral peritoneum covers the __ organs.

digestive

The __ ligament connects the liver to the diaphragm and the anterior body wall.

falciform

The __ is a large wedge-shaped organ that produces bile in the body.

liver

The __ stores bile and releases it into the duodenum as needed.

gallbladder

The pancreas is located posterior to the greater curvature of the __.

stomach

The layers of smooth muscle in the muscularis externa of the stomach include longitudinal, circular, and __.

oblique

The gastric __ is an invagination of the epithelial lining of the stomach.

pit

Mucous neck cells in the stomach secrete __ to protect the stomach lining.

mucus

Parietal cells in the stomach secrete __ acid for digestion.

hydrochloric (HCl)

Chief cells secrete __, which is activated to form pepsin for protein digestion.

pepsinogen

The __ is the structure that connects the stomach to the proximal region of the small intestine.

duodenum

The __ functions to emulsify fats for digestion in the small intestine.

bile

The __ empties bile into the duodenum as food enters.

common bile duct

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is the location where the common bile duct and __ duct meet.

pancreatic

The main pancreatic duct delivers __ enzymes to the duodenum.

digestive

The splenic vein drains the __ and pancreas and feeds into the hepatic portal vein.

spleen

The celiac trunk is the major arterial supply for the __ organs.

foregut

The __ nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the foregut organs.

vagus

The inferior mesenteric vein drains the __ intestine.

large

The greater omentum covers the __ intestine.

small

The lesser omentum connects the liver to the __ curvature of the stomach.

lesser