Molecular interactions and bonding

studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 27

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

U1L1

Biology

12th

28 Terms

1
Intramolecular forces
the attraction between atoms
New cards
2
Intermolecular forces
The force between molecules, the force that holds them together.

Determines physical properties (boiling point, melting point, density).

3 main forces: Dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, london dispersion forces
New cards
3
Dipole-Dipole forces
only polar molecules since charges are required

opposite charges attract and connect to each other
New cards
4
Hydrogen bonding
applies to compounds with N-H, O-H, H-F

one of the stronger forces
New cards
5
London dispersion forces
weaker forces

includes non-polar molecules
New cards
6
Hydrogen bonding in water
hydrogen atoms of one water molecule are attracted towards oxygen atom of neighboring water molecule. Hydrogen bonds also give water high surface tension dur to their cohesive forces and electrostatic attraction with each other.
New cards
7
ionic compound
tight formed bond by ions (atoms or molecules) of the opposite charge being positive and negative which are usually a metal and nonmetal
New cards
8
positive ions are referred to as?
cation
New cards
9
negative ions are referred to as?
anions
New cards
10
why do ions dissociate and dissolve in water and what does it create
ions have a strong attraction to water molecules and create a hydrated ion when dissociating and dissolving
New cards
11
neutralization reactions
reaction that contains an acid and a base to form water and a salt, involving H+ and OH- ions
New cards
12
heat capacity of water
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of that sample by one degree Celsius

takes 4184 joules of heat to raise temp of 1kg of water to one degree

\
New cards
13
density of water as a liquid vs solid
less dense as ice (solid) than as liquid because molecules arrange themselves in a rigid tetrahedral structure in ice, but water molecules remain in linear bonding form
New cards
14
polar molecules
when atoms have significantly different electronegativities and do not share electrons equally
New cards
15
hydrophobic molecules
typically covalent compounds

do not dissolve in water (oil, wax, fats) tend to repel or not absorb water

non-polar

attract other neutral molecules and nonpolar solvents
New cards
16
non-polar molecules
electronegativity difference is less than 0.5

alkynes and noble gases
New cards
17
hydrophilic molecules
ions, alcohols

often charges and capable of hydrogen bonding

dissolve in water more quickly

hydrophilic substances have the ability to draw water out of the air naturally by acting as attractants for it
New cards
18
van der waals forces
forces that attract and repel neutral molecules to and from one another

strength is dependent on size, shape and polarity

caused by correlations in fluctuating polarizations of nearby particles
New cards
19
types of van der waals forces
  1. electrostatic

  2. induction

  3. dispersion

New cards
20
dehydration
when you use up or lose more fluid than you take in
New cards
21
condensation reaction
two molecules combine to form a single molecule with the loss of a small molecule, usually water

AKA dehydration synthesis if water is also lost

used to make crucial large molecules called macromolecules in body such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

\
New cards
22
hydrolysis reactions
when molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds

used for substitution, elimination, solvation reactions
New cards
23
nucleophile
chemical species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair
New cards
24
redox reaction
AKA oxidation-reduction

involves transfer of reactions between 2 species

number of molecule atom or ion changes by gaining or losing electrons
New cards
25
oxidization
loss of electrons
New cards
26
reduction
gain of electrons
New cards
27
isotopes
different forms of the same element
New cards
28
radioisotopes
unstable isotope that decays to release particles
New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 18 people
899 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 32 people
794 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 1 person
28 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 103 people
856 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
761 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 10 people
693 days ago
4.5(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 39 people
953 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 11 people
776 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (33)
studied byStudied by 3 people
792 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (62)
studied byStudied by 5 people
765 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (82)
studied byStudied by 10 people
56 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (40)
studied byStudied by 5 people
171 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (20)
studied byStudied by 115 people
507 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 12 people
468 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (25)
studied byStudied by 2 people
661 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 38 people
8 days ago
5.0(1)
robot