Sports Medicine

What is the quickest source of energy?

ATP + creatine phosphate

Anaerobic respiration pathway and products?

glycogen → glucose → pyruvate → lactate

4 ATP

Aerobic resiration

Glycogen → glucose → pyruvate → CO2

2ATP + 34 ATP

A single 16 carbon long fatty acid produces how much ATP?

142Sp

Sprinters rely on what kind of respiration?

Anaerobic

Marathon runners rely on what kind of respiration?

Aerobic

Max human speed?

27.45

Max heart rate:

220- age

Anaerobic/high intensity heart rate

85%-100%

170-200

Target heart rate zone:

65-85%

130-170

Fat burning zone hert rate:

50-65%

110-130

Warm up/ cool down heart rate

80-110

50% or less

% of blood volume made up of red blood cells

HematocritM

More RBC=

more aerobic stamina

Erythropoiesis:

In response to hypoxia.

Produced in kidney, binds to its receptor erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow to stimulate their survival, proliferatoin, and differentiation of erythrocytes.

EPO only made at night

How to get your hematocrit up:

Doping via blood transfusion

EPO

Altitude training

Erythropoitein:

Raising the level of erythroctes in blood

Anabolic steroid negative effects:

Headaches

Baldness

Breast development

Enlarged prostate

Shrinkage of testicles

Reduced sperm count

Myostatin:

Secreted protein that suppresses both growth and differentiation of muscle cells.

Mutations that inhibit the actions of myostatin results in what

Gigantic muscle mass.

Adderall, Ritalin:

normally presceibed to treat ADHD

Psychostimulant like amphetamine, improving performance on working memory tests in normal and indivduatls with ADHD

Propranolol:

Non-selective beta blocker.

Used for hypertension, anxiety, and panic

What does propranolol block?

Blocks the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on both beta 1 and beta2 adrenergic receptors

Hydroxyurea:

Medication used in sickle-cell disease

Leukemia and cervical cancer

What does hydroxyurea do?

Upregulates the expression of fetal hemoglobin, decreasing numer of attacks

Fetal hemoglobin does what

Carries oxygen beter

Stanozolol:

Synthetic anabolic steroid derived from dihydrotestosterone

Androstenedione:

“Andro” convered directly to testosterone

Erythropoitetin:

EPO, proetin made by kidney that stimultes the production of erythrocytes

hGH;

human growth hormone