Anatomical Kines Unit 1 - Relevant Anatomy

kinesiology

study of body movement

anatomical kinesiology

study of structures most relevant to body movement

organelles

make up cells

cells

make up tissues (smallest function of life)

tissues

make up diff organs

What’s 1?

organelle

What’s 2?

cell

What’s 3?

tissue

What’s 4?

organ

What’s 5?

organ system

What’s 6?

organism

cell

smallest functional “unit of life” (consists of organelles, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus)

What’s 1?

cell membrane

What’s 2?

cytoplasm

What’s 3?

nucleus

What’s 4?

organelles

tissue

group of similar types of cells and fluid in between them called intracellular fluid or tissue

connective

epithelial

muscular (cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue)

nervous

organs

groups of diff tissues that perform more complex function than any single tissue or cell

What’s 1?

lungs

What’s 2?

diaphragm

What’s 3?

pancreas

What’s 4?

large intestine

What’s 5?

heart

What’s 6?

liver

What’s 7?

stomach

What’s 8?

small intestine

cardiovascular

endocrine

digestive

integumentary

lymphatic

muscular

nervous

reproductive

urinary

skeletal

anatomical position

established reference point for body position

supine

refers to body lying flat on back

prone

refers to body lying face down

anterior

towards front

posterior

towards back

ventral

towards belly/ towards front

dorsal

used interchangeably w/ posterior

cephalic

towards head (same as superior)

caudal

towards tail (same as inferior)

deep

penetrates farther into skin

medial

towards midline

lateral

farther away from midline

proximal

closer to attachment point or origin

distal

farther to attachment point or origin

bilateral

compare normal to other side

unilateral

one side

contralateral

opposite/ other side

ipsilateral

same side

axial region

includes head, neck, and trunk

appendicular region

includes four extremities (arms and legs)

What’s 1?

cephalic

What’s 2?

cervical

What’s 3?

thoracic

What’s 4?

abdominal

What’s 5?

inguinal

What’s 6?

pelvic

What’s 7?

vertebral

What’s 8?

scapular

What’s 9?

lumbar

What’s 10?

gluteal

frontal plane

midsagittal plane

sagittal plane (not on midline)

transverse plane

frontal plane, sagittal axis (abduction of arm, flexion of elbow)

sagittal plane, frontal axis (flexion of shoulder)

transverse plane, vertical axis

functions of skeletal system

• movement

• protection

• produce blood cells (hemopoeisis, produced in long bones) 

• store fats and minerals

• support

osseous tissue

specific tissue of bone that is comprised of bone cells (compact and spongy)

bone marrow

soft tissue that occupies spaces of spongy tissue and passageways of compact osseous tissue (red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow)

flat bones

cranial bones, ribs, scapulae, sternum, clavicle, and ilium

short bones

7 tarsals and 8 carpals

long bones

humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpal, metatarsal, phalanges, tibia, fibula, and femur (longest bone)

irregular bones

vertebrae and sacrum

sesamoid bone

patella

features of bones

• projections

• depressions

• articulations

• passageways

synarthrosis “synarthrodial”

non-moveable/ bony structure

amphiarthrosis “amphiarthrodial”

slightly moveable/ cartilagenous and fibrous structure

diarthrosis “diarthrodial”

freely moveable/ synovial structure

fibrous

cartilaginous

synovial

pivot joint (radioulnar)

saddle joint (thumb)

plane “gliding” joint (ankle, wrists, and vertebrae)

hinge joint (elbow, knee and ankle)

condyloid joint (wrist and hands (metacarpal phalangeal joints))

ball and socket joint (hip and shoulder, most movement allowed in body)

muscular system

overall purpose is to move body and body fluids

muscular contraction

causing of tension (force)