AP World - All AMSCO Vocab

Abbasid

Relating to a dynasty of caliphs who ruled in baghdad from 750 to 1258

Abdullah Gul

President of turkey in 2007; promised a policy of modernization continuation.

Abolition

The action or an act of abolishing a system, practice, or institution.

Aboriginals

Australian natives who remained hunter-foragers

Aborigines

A person, animal, or plant that has been in a country or region from earliest times.

Abraham

Founded canaan; jews, christians, and muslims all trace their religious heritage back to him

Abyssinia

Relating to abyssinia or its people.

Academy

A school opened by plato; taught students to question the nature of ideas

Achaemenid

Known as the persian empire, biggest empire at the time. Ruled by cyrus the great and grew to span 3 continents: asia, africa, and europe. Known for innovaitons in postal systems, road systems, and the usage of an official language. Invaded by alexander iii and afterward collapsed.

Adam Smith

Is one of the world's most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to him and his wealth of nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history.

Adam Smith

One of the world's most famous economists. Modern capitalism owes its roots to him and his wealth of nations, which many consider the single most important economic work in history.

Adolf Hitler

The chancellor and dictator of germany; outlawed all forms of resistance to his rule, promoted scientific racism, ultra-nationalism, and anti-semitism

African Diaspora

Refers to the communities throughout the world that have resulted by descent from the movement in historic times of peoples from africa, predominantly to the americas and among other areas around the globe.

African Union

In 2002 the oau was replaced with this.

Afrikaners

An afrikaans-speaking person in south africa, especially one descended from the dutch and huguenot settlers of the 17th century.

Age Sets

Social groups consisting of people of similar age who have a common dentity; maintain close ties and pass through a series of age related statuses

Agricultural Revolution

A period of technological improvement and increased crop productivity that occurred during the 18th and early 19th centuries in europe.

Agriculture

The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis

Ahimsa

Non-violence

Aircraft Carriers

Ships that allowed planes to take off and land from their decks at sea

Airplanes

Used mainly to carry on reconnaissance; were too small and light to carry many weapons at this stage

Akbar

He ruled from 1556 to 1605 and was the most capable of the mughal rulers. He defeated hindu armies and extended the empire in the south and the west. His capital was at delhi and he established an effective government system with fair laws. His people had the right to appeal to the final judgement of lawsuits, and his fame spread, so capable men flocked to serve him, allowing him to create a centralized government and effective civil service. He was tolerant of all religions and provided money and land grants to all religions like money for a catholic church in goa or land grants to sikhism. He attempted to mediate conflict between hindus and muslims by giving hindus positions in government as zamindars and he married hindu wives. The hindus did not have to pay poll taxes and he invited roman catholic priests to explain christianity to him. He encouraged learning and growth in art, architecture, and literature, and even tried to stop child marriages and sati. He tried to convert his hindu and islamic subjects to din-i-ilahi to reconcile them. Under his rule, trade flourished.

Akhenaton

The pharaoh who tried to change egypt's religion during the new kingdom

Alaska

Russia controlled most of the area that is now alaska from the late 1700s until 1867

Alexander Dubcek

First secretary of the communist party; increased freedom of speech, the press, and allowing greater freedom to travel. Created a more democratic political system.

Alexander the Great

Between 334 and 323 b.c.e. he conquered the persian empire, reached the indus valley, founded many greek-style cities, and spread greek culture across the middle east.

Alexandria, Egypt

One of the cities founded by and named for alexander the great; site of ancient mediterranean's greatest library; center of literary studies

Alexis Romanov

Russian heir to the throne at the time of the russian revolution and the youngest member of the royal family at the time of their execution

Algerian Civil War

1991 violence in algeria started up because of the one party rule.

Algerian War for Independence

Began in 1954 with algerians campaigning for independence from france.

Ali

Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law

Ali Bin Muhammad

Led by the zanj revolt (rebellion against the slaves abbasid)

Allah

The supreme being; god

Allies

The central powers' rival alliance; composed of the triple entente as well as the united states, china, and japan

Ayllu

Believed they all shared the same mythical ancestor

Alphabetic Script

A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech

Animism

Incas believed that the elements of the physical world could have supernatural powers

Amritsar

A holy city in sikhism; the site of a religious public gathering in 1919 which turned to chaos as british soldiers massacred hundreds (public gatherings had been made illegal)

An Lushan

Chinese military leader. Led rebellion of hundreds of thousands to overthrow the tang. Defeated by the uighurs.

Ancestor Veneration

The practice of praying to your ancestors. Found especially in china.

Angkor Kingdom

Aka khmer, located in cambodia, had contact with indian traders, adopted hindu beliefs, however many converted to buddhism, became most powerful state on mainland, then declined

Angkor Thom

Capital of angkor; remains give sense of magnificence; destroyed by thai in 1432 who had migrated into region from sw china

Angkor Wat

A temple complex built in the khmer empire and dedicated to the hindu god, vishnu.

Anglican Church

The church of england and the churches in other nations that are in complete agreement with it as to doctrine and discipline and are in communion with the archbishop of canterbury.

Anglo-Zulu War

A concession was granted by bartle frere until 11 january 1879, after which bartle frere deemed a state of war to exist. The british forces intended for the defense of natal had already been on the march with the intention to attack the zulu kingdom.

Angola

Republic in southwest africa.

Animism

The belief that animals, rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits

Anne Boleyn

Queen of england from 1533 to 1536 as the second wife of king henry viii, and marquess of pembroke in her own right.

Anti-Comintern Pact

Germany created a military alliance with japan based on mutual distrust of communism

Antinuclear Weapons Movement

One of the first such movements developed in japan in 1954 in opposition to u.s. testing of nuclear weapons in the pacific ocean.

Antonio Salazar

Leader of portugal; contributed armaments to the nationalists during the spanish civil war

Anwar Sadat

President of egypt.

Anzac

A special corps made up of australian and new zealand troops; fought at gallipoli and suffered heavy losses

Apennine Mountains

Mountains that run the length of the italian peninsula

Appeasement

Giving in to the demands of another country in hopes of keeping peace

Arab League

Created after wwii and now has 23 member states.

Arabic Numerals

Numerical symbols: 0-9 which was introduced in europe by arab peoples

Archduke Francis Ferdinand

Assassinated by gavrilo princip in 1914; his death was one of the causes of world war i

Archduke Maximilian

The only monarch of the second mexican empire.

Archons

Top officials in democratic athenian government

Aristocracy

Nobles rule the state

Aristophanes

The most prolific author of comedies; wrote lysistrata and the birds

Aristotle

A student of plato; wrote on a wide range of topics such as ethics, logic, and literature

Arkhangelsk

Major russian port city that opened on the arctic coast

Armenians

Were killed in huge numbers in turkey during a genocide

Armistice Day

November 11, 1918; allied advances against the central powers forced germany to surrender

Artifacts

Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists

Artisans

People who made objects or tools that people needed

Aryans

Indo-european-speaking peoples originally from central asia

Ascetic

Someone who rejects worldly pleasures, lives life of self dignity

Ashoka Maurya

Caused great peace, ruler of the mauryan empire 268-232 bce

Assembly Line

A series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled.

Astrakhan

A city in southern russia

Astrology

Predicting the future by studying the movements of stars and planets

Astronomy

The study of objects outside earth's atmosphere

Atahualpa

Last independent incan emperor (1532-1533), who defeated his half-brother huáscar (1532) and briefly reunited the empire after years of civil war. He was captured by the spaniards, convicted of plotting against pizarro, and executed by garrote despite his agreement to a vast ransom.

Aten

The sun god that akhenaton wanted the egyptian people to worship

Athens

A powerful polis; known for its political and intellectual achievements

Audiencias

Advisory groups to viceroys in spanish america

Augusto Sandino

A nicaraguan who waged a guerrilla war; killed by a nicaraguan general in 1934 but was considered a hero by sandinistas (nicaraguan revolutionaries)

Aurangzeb

The son of shah jahan, ruled from 1658-1707. When he inherited the empire, it was weakened by corruption and did not have the military innovations of the enemies, but he expanded the empire to the south, draining the funds of the empire and was unable to put down peasant uprisings. These uprisings made him promote the islamic lifestyle in a strict way so music was banned. The hindu and islamic princes lead revolts as well, so the area became even more unstable after his death.

Austronesian-Speaking People

Originated in southern china and later moved to taiwan and the philippines, introduced agriculture to the people of new guinea

Automatic Loom

Transformed the 19th century textile industry and became the inspiration for future calculating and tabulating machines. Developed by the french silk-weaver, joseph-marie jacquard (1752-1834), it used punch cards to control its operation.

Avesta

The religious book of zoroastrians that contains a collection of sacred texts

Axis Powers

The alliances among the 3 nations: germany, italy, and japan

Axum

A kingdom founded on the plateau ofpresent-day ethiopia; had an agricultural economy, christianity was the official religion

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

Became supreme leader in 1979.

Aztec Empire

A member of a people of central mexico whose civilization was at its height at the time of the spanish conquest in the early 16th century.

Aztec Religion

Worshipped an ever-evolving pantheon of hundreds of deities, many of whom were considered to have both male and female aspects

Aztec Theocracy

At the top was emperor great speaker; next were land owning nobles formed majority of aztec military leadership; below them were scribes and healers; following were craftspeople and traders, pochteca: below them were peasants and soldiers; at the bottom were slaves

Aztec Trade Goods

Obsidian, cloth, cacao, & rubber balls for shells, feathers, & stones

Aztecs

Alson know as the mexicas, originally hunter-gatherers who migrated to central mexico from the north in 1200s ce, founded capital tenochtitlan on what is now mexico city

Babur

A descendant of tamerlane that founded a 300-year dynasty in the 1520s when india was in disarray. Under the mughal name, he formed a central government similar to the suleiman in turkey and ivan the terrible in russia. He is the grandfather of akbar.

Babylonians

Persian people who invaded and took control of mesopotamia

Bactria

Kingdom west of the indus river

Baghdad

A city in and the capital of iraq, in the central part, on the tigris

Balance of Power

A situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power.

Balfour Declaration

Favored the establishment in palestine of a "national home" for the jewish people.

Balfour Declaration

Issued in 1917; stated that palestine should become a permanent home for the jews of europe

Bananas

Tropical/sub-tropical, long curved fruit that grows in clusters