Chapter 25 Vocabulary- Health

noncommunicable disease

a disease that is not transmitted by another person, a vector, or the environment.

cardiovascular disease

a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels.

-one of the most common non communicable diseases

hypertension

high blood pressure.

atherosclerosis

a disease characterized by the accumulation of plaque on artery walls.

arteriosclerosis

hardened arteries with reduced elasticity

angina pectoris

chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen

arrhythmias

irregular heartbeats

stroke

an acute injury in which blood flow to the brain is interrupted.

cancer

uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells.

tumor

abnormal mass of tissue

benign

noncancerous.

-these tumors grow slowly

malignant

cancerous

-tumor does not stay in one place. It spreads (metastasis).

metastasis

the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body

carcinogen

a cancer-causing substance

-tobacco use

-radiation

-suntans

biopsy

the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination.

-cancer detecting and treating

remission

cancer is either gone or under control

-period of time when symptoms disappear

-cancer detecting and treating

allergy

a specific reaction of the immune system to a foreign and frequently harmless substance.

histamines

chemicals that can stimulate mucus and fluid production.

asthma

an inflammatory condition in which small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing.

diabetes

a chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert sugar into energy.

autoimmune disease

a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person’s own body.

arthritis

a group of more than 100 different disease that cause pain and the loss of movement in the joints.

-osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

osteoarthritis

a disease of the joints in which cartilage breaks down.

rheumatoid arthritis

a disease characterized by the debilitating destruction of the joints due to inflammation.

regulate

to fix the time, amount, degree, or rate of.

Link

To connect

Respond

React in response

Diseases of the heart

● Angina Pectoris

● Arrhythmias

-heart attack

● Congestive Heart Failure

Heart Attack

occurs when a reduced or blocked blood supply damages the heart muscle.

Congestive Heart Failure

occurs when the heart gradually weakens and can no longer maintain its regular pumping rate and force.

Risk Factors of CVD

● Heredity - children whose parents have CVD are more likely to develop CVD

● Gender - Men have greater risks

● Age - increases with age. 80% of people who die of CVD are 65 or older

Types of cancers

-lymphomas

-leukemias

-carcinomas

-sarcomas

Lymphomas

are cancers of the immune system

Leukemias

are cancers of the blood-forming organs

Carcinomas

are cancers of the glands and body linings, including the skin and the linings of the digestive tract and lungs.

Sarcomas

are cancers of connective tissue, such as bones, ligaments, and muscles

Risk Factors for Cancer

-carcinogens

-STDs

-dietary factors

Dietary Factors

-Being obese increases a person's risk for cancer

-Fats make colon cells more vulnerable to carcinogens.

-Dietary fiber - if your diet is low in fiber, you are at a higher risk

Prevention/Reduce Risk of Cancer

-Protect skin from UV radiation

-Avoid tobacco and alcohol

-Practice abstinence from sexual activity

-Be physically active

-Maintain a healthy weight

-Eat nutritious foods

-Follow and eating plan that is low in saturated fat and high in fiber - -Recognize the warning signs of cancer

Surgery

removes some or all of the cancerous masses from the body

Radiation

therapy uses radioactive substances to kill cancer cells and shrink cancerous masses

Chemotherapy

uses chemicals to destroy cancer cells

Immunotherapy

activates a person’s immune system to recognize specific cancers and destroy them

Hormone therapy

uses medicine to interfere with the production of certain hormones

Cancer Treatment Options

-surgery

-radiation

-chemotherapy

-Immunotherapy

-hormone therapy

Symptoms of Diabetes

-Frequent urination

-Excessive thirst

-Unexplained weight loss

-Sudden changes in vision

-Tingling in hands or feet

-Frequent fatigue Sores that are slow to heal

-More infections than usual

Type 1 Diabetes

-autoimmune disease

-when the body fails to produce insulin, glucose builds up in the blood, and the cells don’t get the energy they need.

Type 2 Diabetes

increase in childhood obesity and more older people in the population make scientists think that type 2 diabetes will become an epidemic

disability

any physical or mental impairment that limits normal activities, including seeing, hearing, walking or speaking.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

a law prohibiting discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications passed in 1990