Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

A set of 50 vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts in anatomy and physiology related to the skeletal system.

Right or Left

Orientation needed for identification of bones.

Joint

Point of contact between bones.

Suture

A type of joint found in the skull.

Compact Bone

Dense and solid type of bone tissue.

Cancellous Bone

Bone tissue with open spaces, also known as spongy bone.

Long Bones

Cylindrical bones such as the humerus.

Short Bones

Boxlike bones such as carpal bones.

Irregular Bones

Bones with various shapes, e.g., vertebrae.

Flat Bones

Broad and sheet-like bones, e.g., sternum.

Sesmoid Bones

Seedlike bones such as the patella.

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Medullary Cavity

The central cavity of bone shafts.

Articular Cartilage

Cartilage that covers bone ends in joints.

Periosteum

A membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones.

Endosteum

A thin layer of connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity.

Calcium

A primary chemical component of bone matrix.

Phosphorus

Another primary chemical component of bone matrix.

Shock Absorption

Function of cartilage, allowing for flexibility.

Lacunae

Small spaces in bone that house osteocytes.

Canaliculi

Tiny canals in the bone that connect lacunae.

Haversian Canal

Central canal in osteons that contain blood vessels.

Trabeculae

Tiny branches of hard bone present in cancellous bone.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells responsible for bone formation.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells responsible for bone resorption.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.

Red Marrow

Bone marrow that produces red blood cells.

Yellow Marrow

Bone marrow that replaces red marrow as one ages.

Support

One of the main functions of bones.

Hematopoiesis

Blood cell formation, one of the functions of bone.

Mineral Storage

Storage function of bones, mainly calcium and phosphorus.

Enchondral Ossification

Bone formation process in toddlers.

Parathyroid Hormone

Hormone that stimulates osteoclasts and raises blood calcium.

Calcitonin

Hormone that stimulates osteoblasts and lowers blood calcium.

Frontal Bone

Cranial bone forming the coronal suture with two parietals.

Parietal Bones

Cranial bones forming multiple sutures in the skull.

Temporal Bones

Cranial bones forming sutures with other cranial bones.

Occipital Bone

Cranial bone that connects to the cervical vertebrae.

Sphenoid Bone

Bone that anchors several other cranial bones.

Ethmoid Bone

Cranial bone forming part of the nasal cavity.

Transverse Canal

Canals connecting blood vessels between osteons.

Mandible

The only bone that does not form a joint with any other bones.

Hyoid Bone

A unique bone in the neck that does not articulate with others.

Cervical Vertebrae

The first type of vertebrae, totaling 7.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The middle type of vertebrae, totaling 12.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The lower type of vertebrae, totaling 5.

Sternum

Bone at the center front of the thorax.

Ribs

Bones that form the majority of the rib cage.

Thoracic Vertebrae

Articulate with the ribs and form part of the thorax.

Floating Ribs

Ribs 11 and 12 that do not connect to the sternum.